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The main result is the following theorem.    Suppose \\(\\theta: \\mathbb{R}^n\\to \\mathbb{C}\\) is continuous and assume that there are functions \\(f_1, f_2, g_1, g_2: \\mathbb{R}^n\\to \\mathbb{C}\\) such that (1) is valid for all \\(u,v\\in \\mathbb{R}^n\\). If \\(f_1\\), \\(f_2\\) or \\(g_1\\), \\(g_2\\) are linearly independent over \\(\\mathbb{C}\\), then  \\[ \\theta (u)=c \\exp (Q(U)+L(u)), \\qquad u\\in \\mathbb{R}^n. \\]  If both \\(f_1\\), \\(f_2\\) and \\(g_1\\), \\(g_2\\) are linearly independent, then  \\[ \\theta (u)=c\\exp (Q(U)+L(u))\\cdot B(u), \\qquad u\\in \\mathbb{R}^n, \\]  where \\(c\\in \\mathbb{C}\\) and the function \\(B(u)\\) is an elliptic function, or a sinus function, or a linear function of \\(u\\).    A generalization of the equation (1) is the equation  \\[ \\theta (u+v)\\theta (u-v)=\\sum^m_{i=1} f_i (u) g_i (v), \\]  satisfied by the theta functions of several complex variables [cf. \\textit{M. Bonk}, Math. 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