{"entities":{"Q1917065":{"pageid":1927807,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1917065","lastrevid":69086499,"modified":"2026-04-13T04:37:50Z","type":"item","id":"Q1917065","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Locally compact groups, residual Lie groups, and varieties generated by Lie groups"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 896623"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$4364F175-7ED6-4EAF-8A6C-CE2EC134DAF8","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"0b9c48b4a06bf5b57618655b5bb1694bdd054d61","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Locally compact groups, residual Lie groups, and varieties generated by Lie groups","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$CF694EB9-19B4-47E5-BC07-FCDB78005AE9","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"86662fc52aa7692e558cc8b61504db2f2f892ed7","datavalue":{"value":"0858.22005","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$CBF1D268-A959-46A7-A787-4A9AB57BB817","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"8539023a1d687adc44c08b04435b330cb29d64ac","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0166-8641(95)00068-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$E5ED329C-3E3D-4736-A3E3-236AAF7690A3","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"97add135e1da94502d04a39c74f6992cfa23e651","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":429336,"id":"Q429336"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$A65B71DC-4D88-435B-A690-EF6A1F559D8C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"44641edc78f4af0d112fa09511c82271d2efcc91","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":581558,"id":"Q581558"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$D91A8F0B-69DC-472E-AEBC-34A959284EFE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d1a3bea5f3c18bd6a8f518e1aed763f285e62c2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":304556,"id":"Q304556"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$C1BE6051-AE02-47CA-BEC7-CFE2C962ED38","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"caed9871dffabe010c529575fe8b7c33d0847d94","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161372,"id":"Q161372"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$ED707D3A-85B1-4BF6-B7FB-565432F38884","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"e8bc2e68a7a4ba958744d9a0d3480daad10515d7","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1996-07-03T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$54841E40-B39F-417F-AAA3-D307DE7FC262","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"1584873c5d0350b3a3c3679d2d7921beef7f1f26","datavalue":{"value":"In what ways might a group \\(G\\) be ``approximated by Lie groups''? Offering suitable citations to the literature, the authors discuss several properties of this sort, including these: (a) every neighborhood of \\(1_G\\) contains a closed [or even: compact] normal subgroup \\(N\\) of \\(G\\) such that \\(G/N\\) is Lie; (b) \\(G\\) is residual Lie: the class of continuous homomorphisms from \\(G\\) to Lie groups separates points; (c) \\(G\\) belongs to the variety generated by the class \\(\\mathbb{L}\\) of Lie groups -- that is, the smallest class containing \\(\\mathbb{L}\\) and closed under passage to subgroups, Hausdorff quotients, and arbitrary products. A sequence of examples, locally compact when possible, distinguishes between the many classes discussed.   Among the paper's new results are the construction, for locally compact residual Lie groups \\(G = \\langle G,{\\mathcal T}\\rangle\\), of some coarser and ``better behaved'' topologies \\(\\mathcal U\\) for which the identity function \\(\\text{id}:\\langle G,{\\mathcal T}\\rangle \\twoheadrightarrow \\langle G,{\\mathcal U}\\rangle\\) is an equidimensional immersion in this sense: for every one-parameter subgroup \\(X:\\mathbb{R}\\to \\langle G,{\\mathcal U}\\rangle\\) there is a one-parameter subgroup \\(X':\\mathbb{R}\\to\\langle G,{\\mathcal T}\\rangle\\) such that \\(X =\\text{id}\\circ X'\\). (For example, one may take for \\(\\mathcal U\\) the group topology generated by sets of the form \\(UN\\) with \\(U\\) a \\(\\mathcal T\\)-neighborhood of \\(1_G\\) and \\(N\\) a \\(\\mathcal T\\)-compact, normal subgroup of \\(G\\); in this case \\(\\langle G,{\\mathcal U}\\rangle\\) is also residual Lie.) Such a construction furnishes the result that for every locally compact residual Lie group \\(G\\) the component factor group \\(G/G_0\\) is residually discrete.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$82BB7FC9-C5B1-4F63-A966-F766ED7275E3","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5fd483730db465ba964ea01a9587a15c17762635","datavalue":{"value":"22D05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$A5677639-A1F2-4BCF-AD35-0909272301E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"afe0dc0c0736bb69fa09cc63d89cf0239c70ef90","datavalue":{"value":"20E26","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$F08FE6CA-F3F0-4903-AE58-CBE9A443A6F0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"975739bcf3e70dcfef1b6fbcb88cd7d5bf84c90c","datavalue":{"value":"14L10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$0328E9AA-E72B-4CB6-8DEE-5BD03485BDBA","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f6f98202c96bf750c14d686efb91973e206b072a","datavalue":{"value":"896623","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$C1F38837-481D-4507-A7B7-92C7F116C9CE","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"892df18ed5f8b160f50800fbc0a3eb62778a2683","datavalue":{"value":"Lie groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$C444A723-1035-4C8F-9024-CE06DC5C0C21","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e3c02ec5426e6d0393234b872b20ebe7c5158e71","datavalue":{"value":"variety","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$050AFDB7-4DC7-4586-9E5F-ABA677B996AB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"160552a26750385b59e5cdfbcd19f5cfaf9a43a6","datavalue":{"value":"locally compact","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$7CB0BDBC-C795-4743-BAE0-02003DBA2A70","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"69cf535a727fb0350fc7b517eaf987e39ac3b0e2","datavalue":{"value":"residual Lie groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$CCC1F1D3-E71E-41D1-831C-43ABF2EAFC44","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4eeace9b0ee6a7ef11580bdd42f56f3cc1df0a9a","datavalue":{"value":"topologies","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$61A551F6-1035-48C7-847F-CD6F8FDA4E6C","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"7025cf60cc501b29ad92e15818c1087f90c0c13d","datavalue":{"value":"Q115363866","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$50F48F5C-A0A0-4425-86AA-2EC514F73097","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"dcd82b44a12046aa4189506293818d811f7267a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":629728,"id":"Q629728"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$6E25F348-8D99-4E62-844C-6B479A872AEC","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$C82067E5-4315-49EF-9A4A-466F964701BD","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"4ce1884139ed6b0b74d50b712f9741e0fef3cca8","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-8641(95)00068-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$96E8C93F-8F1E-482E-9D00-CEF5281EF109","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"81d2a369704920c8d07de6a2506d9824717af782","datavalue":{"value":"W2162847496","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$0E94280B-C569-45E3-91DE-305234BC27C2","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c8889cc3b97cbcd5a5a897e53ae7782d9243fb90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3697252,"id":"Q3697252"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$2CD4C7C0-3142-47C2-9DF7-7C701E8E8720","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"89ad1fbc7157447abb6f651bf4ba3854860571ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3695497,"id":"Q3695497"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$A49D0A6A-AEAC-4FE0-A973-5FB0564EA613","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"eccd1bab6ba09c8c55dfc90ba7e3541b2c5c4bcf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3285686,"id":"Q3285686"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$3498D5E1-8AFF-4D97-B576-65A960706820","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"839825062ac5b999a2c5c3926eb2ec025d341aac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3256687,"id":"Q3256687"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$65A999A8-AEF0-46C2-8F51-F227C7F67E81","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9a0c347b4f6370f2748670ffd30b99d7bd6367be","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4281178,"id":"Q4281178"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$0CE78593-6576-4052-A82E-5EE3928AD2EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bea8f9b89e85f9d0cefbb7b79b4083233bf1e17d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3255412,"id":"Q3255412"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$3AD809C3-1A10-4449-B869-A05E5E94708D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0581cb07a61244c613e37fd16de5833d11c67e27","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5623919,"id":"Q5623919"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$9B1D8813-B645-4F89-86B6-5DB564B5E222","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"871044a84c36f7135f9e7d85e32d4539e967a09c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4843641,"id":"Q4843641"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$D802BF98-B0C0-443C-B343-8EC7FFD3809F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6eb62ef97d0a48ca139538038dff14080ba4ac08","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5339349,"id":"Q5339349"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$715A14AE-FD8B-436F-9896-D67407D33E1C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f612f7add4c81d01844bb9182e2b066fc175e2e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4081497,"id":"Q4081497"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$B26F8E33-1BBC-4E37-AA3F-3214C1B29584","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1701f0c72a3042f948c2653f472f95d1aea2a05d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4886346,"id":"Q4886346"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$64D08583-C0B9-4074-93CE-D5EAF46EB12E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d72233841e753a7b14003b8bbdac04819e0997e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4206954,"id":"Q4206954"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$3A3ED6C9-A732-4E7E-A075-755449566519","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d1848bd6f0b4562a5a970b75325f78ef36cad9a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2649525,"id":"Q2649525"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$0ACA7112-9DA9-4A49-80CB-2CA80B759469","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"64094097eb07b4b0de49e4de0f20d16f1713f929","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2546101,"id":"Q2546101"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$B11EC96D-58CB-49C6-ADAF-8ECA3A1076DA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0391ead97bafc1ad306aa6130ad94cb718e7f1c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3966356,"id":"Q3966356"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$054EE3C7-9951-47CB-8E0C-8B66B88C39E9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5f52a350331164ecf9e20b93e83f2823b018baa8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4838918,"id":"Q4838918"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$F70818AB-2F2A-4DB0-A3B3-92A03D2C460A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a2840ef0af3aadca373b18a5b62aaf306ad8573a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1177459,"id":"Q1177459"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1917065$BC6927C2-1C30-4D60-B4DA-BA42230E9B5F","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ff28fba8d601be6f734a800417c80c731d10fc42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3695497,"id":"Q3695497"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7d98f28b2a1a91298ccee6ac0beb2a12438e619c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7964586615562439","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1917065$A8355A7F-FD8D-4619-B3A4-97D464E51BBA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"286c44c9550ad783d262fb4f5ad863224c13bfde","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4838918,"id":"Q4838918"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"80b00e097bb2b678119d8e5354206eebefd9358b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7592794895172119","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1917065$8E977000-3834-401E-8709-92CA87013C6E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b0843836fb4b356c4a3de0e05c1d36c6ce4c549f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":901403,"id":"Q901403"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1d82380892b4d470fafb7529fb06251cf8537017","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7576910257339478","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1917065$63A5842E-D798-4BE0-96FB-F7EF04A3ED92","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5e8700b8c9e21cf647120183069227b7b0becf75","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4551977,"id":"Q4551977"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"83be65d00e071f3a345aa9e153f2ebfc3a467f31","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.750251054763794","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1917065$6A9F5870-F368-4E34-B3BD-FF711E9AE157","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Locally compact groups, residual Lie groups, and varieties generated by Lie groups","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Locally_compact_groups,_residual_Lie_groups,_and_varieties_generated_by_Lie_groups"}}}}}