{"entities":{"Q1922820":{"pageid":1933562,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1922820","lastrevid":71834892,"modified":"2026-04-14T00:51:25Z","type":"item","id":"Q1922820","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Prima facie obligation"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 929961"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$FCF7A82C-655E-4FF2-A390-0037FF7333C8","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"7e5189032d1616f15ed5cf91e4ee6fc8c404b578","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Prima facie obligation","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$972EB85F-AB62-47EE-80FC-16A96ABBB563","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"c914f78fc49e5ebb1a5c41887096de53af47c414","datavalue":{"value":"0858.03027","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$A5F7D166-950B-4130-A7BD-29D8EE18C1DA","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"a404f2a8347abd76d01a149662af447d8e45408c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF00370668","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$5475A8AA-2099-45DE-BAA9-4A128F21EA3B","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"59a8ded901132d0e92188ee710b2d9708c334761","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1077396,"id":"Q1077396"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$ED5D0949-F2B1-4339-B775-27F4291FD2D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"185a4c1689c1241ad867ab54a2d9b9dace613381","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":689078,"id":"Q689078"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$C4E05D71-FA89-4032-BC16-7B77480CD483","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e34236ca73b92c6ee0bc17431d03c3537a7f0792","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":195358,"id":"Q195358"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$9D278F02-7325-4E5C-8575-7DBDAFD2D724","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"0d27e2971fbc9cfb986491ff590c4e095f1799e7","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1997-03-17T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$C1D49B9C-6E53-42F8-BA0F-0644E0EF1E97","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"98ef97952a8876e29e0dc607109bcc722f1f4782","datavalue":{"value":"The authors draw a distinction between two kinds of defeasible conditional obligation: those in which the condition merely provides a reasonable indicator of the existence of the obligation (which they term ``epistemic''), and those in which the condition provides a ``reason for the existence of the obligation'' (called ``constitutive''). They see this as running roughly parallel to the familiar if controversial philosophical distinction, on the factual level, between statements of tendency and statements of causality. The authors construct a possible world semantics with selection functions, intended to reflect both of these kinds of defeasible conditional obligation.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$D883689C-E577-43BE-B0FB-F0D44C47CA08","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"e221a0164f502dd7b3593304ff005c15e95c5976","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":185572,"id":"Q185572"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$1DBEBA59-2216-472E-88B0-ECA5AA0AA597","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"89a6721807d2106ad3a18783b4fcbc004e6a56c5","datavalue":{"value":"03B60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$D43AEA20-0B72-4CA5-9A9C-786766EA99A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"48a2830216eefdc24b89ba9895c8f20366f6740d","datavalue":{"value":"03A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$C8D209A5-3A60-44B6-BABF-0895DF330A64","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"9d7d6b3e863f0e3c49a79e02d9989092c17da66f","datavalue":{"value":"929961","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$1B13D511-128C-4551-8018-4180495EA746","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c524fa213e4965bf2f893369914fea8a8555f113","datavalue":{"value":"nonmonotonic deontic logic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$5704982E-A465-429D-8DC7-6B6E17EC7D86","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"27a8afa7221e38680e69585fcdd79f034745fe70","datavalue":{"value":"defeasibility","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$5EF2F693-5F45-41FB-93AF-19C43988BACB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"15239f22c14b9fb7bd01fce05072716b73eddfe3","datavalue":{"value":"defeasible conditional obligation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$946A7A1E-AB7F-49FF-8839-8FF08D97ED5D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d5f1f60cf51a9bbaa8c7535bb288b74f59430855","datavalue":{"value":"possible world semantics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$BF0A86F9-C618-4838-B3F3-D01E7B954D39","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5b7331feef51f3c076fa12088fad6aa1615da1ee","datavalue":{"value":"selection functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$CB728DB6-19D1-4D62-86E1-D55D439E1318","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$64BEAE7B-BC36-4A0B-A447-942EBD3651FE","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"126db00367fe5e743b8afbd53e95ee1ba2a44c4b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4287484,"id":"Q4287484"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$A9541B44-DB44-4C6F-9225-22850A8ABE37","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ac7020ee9bf0d44fddb1de81652afc0f814f0316","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":912087,"id":"Q912087"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$EB57B7A5-666A-42CB-8F72-CA19EA2D8255","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3ac15412bcca1f9a92eb4707b019ca1ad253c5d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":914659,"id":"Q914659"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$299AB17B-4A1D-4E8A-94AE-B827D14191E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d24fc4d60566310f2fc64459c90311b6daff3493","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1353848,"id":"Q1353848"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$E24E62F6-1BD6-41A6-BA16-ABDE3024BC8E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9feeaef9431b6b40868eb7c61eb52439d5fb3098","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1316409,"id":"Q1316409"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$6B1C8243-D017-4BE3-BA34-D81B213E01BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"17063c126f610765d8d937dec1cac7410463213f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1051631,"id":"Q1051631"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1922820$8E127666-BB4F-4B2C-B10B-9A8EEB80FB7E","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d77a7e97ace73968a9e892fbadfe16080f56ab03","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1922821,"id":"Q1922821"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"35182d1a810044227764cdb24b05e7d4bc1887f1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.883351","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1922820$BC4F41B2-D30F-47AF-8A8E-3773472F6F6A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6fcf7da1bcc3d47b5403e000eaa5249801e6e719","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4394903,"id":"Q4394903"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b688b3caa208038593a8818d5bac37b179faae0e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8228061","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1922820$6B3B6D8C-AB01-4697-93B5-6193B0698AC3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"215587dc94872c5c50b4f6f64b0c5e2cb5a445ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2454878,"id":"Q2454878"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f8061ee839cf9230f5dab278bd0b2cf63b114611","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.81872475","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1922820$C75E2946-AA38-4117-BD01-A221B411ECB7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"69d94e395ab1460771e778e4a7f69fa970fb4765","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5862662,"id":"Q5862662"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ad52c199052f881a516f1b44b44814e86b0ac86f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7961068","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1922820$20CD933F-7FAB-481B-AD65-93A909FFDBA1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c7aad15372a0f2690b9272b219651392b34b1563","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4775855,"id":"Q4775855"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ba17589e598df5261cdb991239bdc2115a43e72f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.79075503","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1922820$72A58578-1DD7-4599-8350-9EEEB8EFD3EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ef9c836fba24ef5353f7680dd74547dc52cd30ce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6135566,"id":"Q6135566"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"be91c82e344c011d6eba07066b7aed6e090070df","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.77572614","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1922820$A4123AC0-1886-4E09-B94B-2B20F5E180A2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"13d9f3f6f149b98a42dad59e373a02b67b019358","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4394898,"id":"Q4394898"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ceca04b0e0f19d06e97110e23f4b81df970008ce","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7666782","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1922820$28EBF461-B042-40B7-BC01-56D89C0FE684","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"08e467994231a3c71078d63747246fea4f8b60a1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":975778,"id":"Q975778"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"98ebab94964e1ea3d89922fac641334dbad9828c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.76352906","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1922820$ABC070DC-D194-4502-ABD4-8231B51AFBFF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"09b52e4c26973db0c443530eb67c4918262dc502","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5901586,"id":"Q5901586"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b818b5a8a47b64cf92c6c2158ef7834ec426cb9c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74683475","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1922820$4A15CECC-A0C4-4581-99A1-3F3511501B21","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bb5015274455d51de84c6931543550e391b9dc4a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1292991,"id":"Q1292991"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5f42f961a630c4570b6b7dc4e212193915567cbb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7467084","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1922820$9E2CA1C1-C50D-4E45-A8F9-415BC07A319A","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Prima facie obligation","badges":[]}}}}}