{"entities":{"Q1923178":{"pageid":1933920,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1923178","lastrevid":43423784,"modified":"2025-07-25T17:08:54Z","type":"item","id":"Q1923178","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Structure of factor algebras and Clifford algebra"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 931911"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$991CDF73-A278-4988-B1C8-6C261A186B4F","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"a3c6548c8b5b1753bbe8ca1127bbbd9529c5b1cf","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Structure of factor algebras and Clifford algebra","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$1E83E721-92F0-4189-9466-283ADA192422","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"7c70ef11766428cd6fc9f7f8311550575c8fc8c4","datavalue":{"value":"0859.15013","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$238F1328-8649-45C7-B868-B8A10028F95D","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"97dfb18805d835ac53a5d2d64b3ed4621a952dab","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0024-3795(95)00604-4","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$0E522A61-AFDF-4F32-A7B7-178965964848","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8de031de05325b44570d0c47c3ec8813873d565c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":92813,"id":"Q92813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$D5732FAD-C522-458D-AD4C-CF9657F0CCE7","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"987a2f2e82526aa2085dc97bf2e88574c6b234f8","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1997-04-07T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$6F7D36C9-2346-423F-8340-24D6C5695D31","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9b366baaf6a5229464f16821d43b61d4c2f65aa1","datavalue":{"value":"This paper is concerned with the generalized spectral decomposition or eigenprojector form of a linear operator over any field that is a splitting field of its minimal polynomial. A number system is constructed which is isomorphic to the factor ring \\(\\mathbb{C} [\\lambda]/ \\langle\\psi \\rangle\\) for an arbitrary polynomial \\(\\psi\\). If \\(\\psi\\) is the minimal polynomial of a given linear operator, then its eigenprojector form is immediately determined.    A novel proof is given based on the algebraic properties of idempotents and nilpotents. The eigenvector form extended to any field by \\textit{L. E. Dickson} [Am. J. Math. 24, 101-108 (1902; JFM 33.0151.01)] can be applied to a linear operator over a finite field, providing it is the splitting field of the minimal polynomial. A Clifford algebra arises when a grading onto the algebra of endomorphisms on a finite-dimensional vector space is introduced together with a Hermitian conjugation. This is done most naturally in the case of \\(\\text{End} (\\mathbb{C}^{2^n})\\) by constructing a simple isomorphism to the corresponding Clifford algebra.   The consequences of this isomorphism for Hermitian operators are given and a new polar form for Clifford numbers is derived, such as asserted in the following theorem:   Every \\({\\mathfrak a} \\in C1_{k,k+1}\\) can be represented in the form \\({\\mathfrak a} = h_1u=h_1 \\exp (jh_2)\\), where \\(h_1\\) and \\(h_2=-j\\ln u\\) are Hermitian.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$6266CBE1-2249-4600-9761-1E482D0E2EB4","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"d206079a1ab9e115728c5a686b35926e0e1f873d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":686378,"id":"Q686378"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$9344035E-BE44-4FB4-852C-9161148C3178","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"83211f0eb2cd7b7935b0481146199d3505baf54c","datavalue":{"value":"15A66","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$D7769AF8-1ED8-467B-97A8-636DA421EE0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b353ca9fa5871b5d283994bd1f10d77c55504354","datavalue":{"value":"15A18","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$7C9E614F-A5E5-4265-ADBE-0810B5408AE7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"bbe2dde55566c57c31463992aac9b72d0f8c104e","datavalue":{"value":"15B33","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$077173DF-B96D-4DD7-A919-A9EFBC25013B","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"bd3ebbbb2fe66577ebe7e292b9a2eace987c90de","datavalue":{"value":"931911","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$0AC2DBD4-BBD1-48AC-8C11-447C215FCC53","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b39ee04d6b02eba4c86dfbf6f71899f16b42e6cf","datavalue":{"value":"factor algebra","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$F1617AB5-AB83-4A58-9AA4-49E1EAF11BE2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"397068779ee854b0d427e38cbdfbd4a7d6faa0e6","datavalue":{"value":"generalized spectral decomposition","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$C98EF770-C185-4CB9-9445-D6BBFB17BAB1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c96720aee4eb632aae4b8a2be85e4f629e29aebe","datavalue":{"value":"eigenprojector","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$6ADA4DD7-E51E-4314-B8C0-EDCC378B810D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ef2cb2d75fd494c993e5db62fc2c0be9c8d5a0e8","datavalue":{"value":"linear operator","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$45E9EA70-6844-45FC-9382-BD32751C3076","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"13bf1e82a002ea4f43c2a812d12a7f554ea61034","datavalue":{"value":"minimal polynomial","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$D68AFCAC-8ED6-4539-B131-6432A1E665D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a3711b386902559bb22bf67091b7eca92012716a","datavalue":{"value":"finite field","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$90972F37-7412-4326-9F3E-97E8646C9003","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9893315fb9923cc47735c8c0eaeaa900d057207c","datavalue":{"value":"Clifford algebra","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$D9E3FE2F-3AAC-446C-8D7B-0C138F2B1886","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"845ee4cabe754bdb0647e9143e6cd3c631a265af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":537493,"id":"Q537493"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$9CA675B9-4B27-44CE-96E3-94FAF59AFD2E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$340C677F-C0ED-4F2A-8EE9-27D147663EFD","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"00b9669e61804e254ee7997e06e910e14c6c7a6b","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(95)00604-4","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$4C96569E-1A7E-4C66-8E96-BB35CAD155ED","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"14c4a37f7a350330bdc9082d49f46cf5aaf1c26c","datavalue":{"value":"W2033376259","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$E8637BC1-1CFE-48EC-B9EB-FBDD87DAF6D7","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0b24f67714aac2c60fad89f4aa61011549a6a111","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3738204,"id":"Q3738204"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$FD4E81B8-9694-45B1-8146-086C431FAB12","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2e0d173ab5b181d3191a10f67c36b08e7f91399c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4482901,"id":"Q4482901"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$A4F528A8-6D51-44BC-8AEE-209CAED0B329","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a6fa526432b7fa9094cc5f890fc2b5e32c6e5e01","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4856716,"id":"Q4856716"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$DE9E3B40-8B66-4D97-8D61-2F309E43885F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"54dac858fe20608d78788f1660783a8f38745b20","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5622371,"id":"Q5622371"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$51C1A359-5443-44DA-832B-EA811CB7DD6F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"36485fb473f84347aef4b334ae487bb88ccdc143","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1910122,"id":"Q1910122"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$B98D9A46-0504-4ACF-9912-59DFCCE685E1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3f1b733f7a0d258f59de47ce31e339c96bb4c956","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":794307,"id":"Q794307"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1923178$10615755-2FCB-4319-B596-AD8F2306EEB2","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cc1e841622b9317a9a71dd9c57b578760ecb05de","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4429037,"id":"Q4429037"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"af01299cf833dae23768369671329ce68bc2534c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7342042","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1923178$7F302452-4CC2-448C-994E-5299587C3DFB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7536b3091d1cd934664beb267c9257d056f6a28a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2431918,"id":"Q2431918"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6dab1dffb3f91d8a6b788b23d80c4cfa8026f4d2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72472346","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1923178$66A0A68A-A520-4A55-9CF3-003B03FFE508","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"68a7ac4d34bdcc08838d1a2852e389ca879bcf23","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1910137,"id":"Q1910137"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f1e3afd369df5901220423867e76e373557cf747","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7137958","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1923178$46540B01-A664-4F0E-B8FB-6C8E4F6CF00B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"35d870b8c116ae3c6e51d3ba25bad6effd9c7615","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4013963,"id":"Q4013963"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ccbd249f83bae547230001a44c95fd5f2c73801a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.69545865","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1923178$8F05846A-B47E-4D16-8A70-B247ECCA486B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b0123559e7865e6ea1056b62ef46180c98664233","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4857164,"id":"Q4857164"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"757f4fbe04a6a46fda8222780157c15c1fae97bb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.69081324","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1923178$62A35993-FA76-4E9E-ADB0-F88501F3FCB4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2744649d4270bedbbbc368cb1ee418d1c0cea7bc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3455696,"id":"Q3455696"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b314bd49776f461798726e4eb1719b881c8aac1f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.68398607","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1923178$A08F2CB3-E3AA-49C4-9291-32B632218914","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2965ab85d52653c31c8e7e18454c45604f2c81d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":742332,"id":"Q742332"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8756c78e01f03147441a7c755e9e1e1814ff9af2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.68386006","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1923178$2C0C7401-8007-41DA-B1D5-7BEBCE443531","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cfcbbb8ab8d1ea87e96482c116a2db456e93835e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2416608,"id":"Q2416608"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2a52c1a026508379ca6a0bfa1742403f8c4a13b7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.68268454","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1923178$C42B3C15-93B4-4E8F-88C3-86F53B4B2126","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5ff8ada976b855054d653be0ba3ec75021da01eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4277315,"id":"Q4277315"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c77c99c5f8a2b58e1761513213d22209322ec67d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6812528","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1923178$F33B9ACA-6B09-42F4-9722-F3FBE00F9CC4","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1923178","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1923178"}}}}}