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For elements \\(x,y\\) of the ring \\(R\\), denote by \\([x,y]\\) and \\(\\langle x,y\\rangle\\), respectively, the commutator \\(xy-yx\\) and anti-commutator \\(xy+yx\\). For \\(S\\subseteq\\mathbb N\\setminus\\{1\\}\\), call \\(R\\) a \\(\\text{CP}(S)\\) ring if for each \\(x,y\\in R\\) there exists \\(n=n(x,y)\\in S\\) such that \\([x,y]^n=[x,y]\\); and for \\(S\\subseteq 2\\mathbb N\\), call \\(R\\) an \\(\\text{ACP}(S)\\) ring if for each \\(x,y\\in R\\) there exists \\(n=n(x,y)\\in S\\) for which \\(\\langle x,y\\rangle^n=\\langle x,y\\rangle\\).   A well-known theorem of \\textit{I. N. Herstein} asserts that every \\(\\text{CP}(\\mathbb N\\setminus\\{1\\})\\) ring is commutative [Can. J. Math. 9, 583-586 (1957; Zbl 0079.05403)]; and a result of the second author states that every \\(\\text{ACP}(2\\mathbb N)\\) ring is anti-commutative [Am. Math. Mon. 94, 162-165 (1987; Zbl 0619.16020)].   The original proofs of these results require the use of structure theory; the paper under review seeks proofs which do not, which we describe as elementary. The authors provide elementary proofs of \\(\\text{CP}(\\{3\\})\\) rings and \\(\\text{CP}(\\{4\\})\\) rings; and for \\(S\\subseteq 2\\mathbb N\\) they give an elementary proof that \\(\\text{CP}(S)\\) rings are commutative if and only if all \\(\\text{ACP}(S)\\) rings are 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