{"entities":{"Q1931765":{"pageid":1942507,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1931765","lastrevid":69325821,"modified":"2026-04-13T06:15:08Z","type":"item","id":"Q1931765","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Perron-Frobenius theorem for nonnegative multilinear forms and extensions"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6125888"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$C965983C-25A8-4D29-B055-72059D41D518","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"4584f8e05855feda7b38fa0f766c5c59f3f2a0db","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Perron-Frobenius theorem for nonnegative multilinear forms and extensions","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$7A83A9FF-918A-4C25-8B5B-B584006FD921","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"332978b96d70191d2e4ed123fc648dca9493c984","datavalue":{"value":"1261.15039","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$21BCF18A-DC7C-49AE-9598-EB9B5BE906D5","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cc45e6b9322bed7360e4aac2a42f8c73614b44f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1787138,"id":"Q1787138"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$173CBDC6-2474-45DB-9CDD-6965B9D76669","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8de031de05325b44570d0c47c3ec8813873d565c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":92813,"id":"Q92813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$A6C92EE7-8EE0-4074-869D-94A71B73D972","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"a182d0b9d771c58d711172642e13babdf59a69c7","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2013-01-16T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$8EF75F21-F21C-43AB-962C-673700982557","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"4efc64c8f9220dfb97564f9b79b78854544217f9","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0905.1626","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$E7B02E99-AFC2-45C3-BD34-214137D1858C","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"f39a62a0d1281b4a484ae995d11602ade12ad8e0","datavalue":{"value":"The authors present an analog of Perron-Frobenius theorem for multilinear forms with nonnegative coefficients, and more generally, for polynomials maps with nonnegative coefficients.  Let \\(f:\\mathbb{R}^{m_1} \\times \\dots \\times \\mathbb{R}^{m_d} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\\) be a multilinear form, which induces the tensor \\({\\mathcal F}=[f_{i_1,\\dots,i_d}]\\in \\mathbb{R}^{m_1 \\times \\dots \\times m_d}\\). Form \\(f\\) is called nonnegative if the corresponding tensor \\({\\mathcal F}\\) is nonnegative, meaning that all entries of \\({\\mathcal F}\\) are nonnegative. Let \\(S_{p,+}^{m-1}\\) be the \\(m-1\\) dimensional unit sphere in the \\(l_p\\) norm restricted to \\(\\mathbb{R}_+^m\\). It is known that each critical point \\(({\\pmb \\xi}_1, \\dots ,{\\pmb \\xi}_d) \\in S_{p_1,+}^{m_1-1}\\times \\dots \\times S_{p_d,+}^{m_d-1}\\) of \\(f | S_{p_1,+}^{m_1-1}\\times \\dots \\times S_{p_d,+}^{m_d-1}\\), satisfies the equality  \\[  \\sum_{i_j \\in [m_j], j \\in [d]} f_{i_1,\\dots,i_d}x_{i_1,1}\\cdots x_{i_{j-1},j-1}x_{i_{j+1},j+1}\\cdots x_{i_d,d}=\\lambda x_{i_j,j}^{p_j-1}, \\tag{1} \\]  where \\([d]\\) denotes the set \\(\\{1,2,\\dots,d\\}\\).  The tensor \\({\\mathcal F}\\) is associated with an undirected \\(d\\)-partite graph \\(G({\\mathcal F})=(V, E({\\mathcal F}))\\), where \\(V=\\bigcup_{j=1}^d V_j\\), with \\(V_j=[m_j], j \\in [d]\\). The edge \\((i_k,i_l) \\in V_k \\times V_l\\), \\(k \\neq l\\) belongs to \\(E({\\mathcal F})\\) if and only if \\(f_{i_1,i_2,\\dots,i_d}>0\\) for some \\(d-2\\) indices \\(\\{i_1,\\dots,i_d\\}\\backslash \\{i_k,i_l \\}\\). \\({\\mathcal F}\\) is called weakly irreducible if the graph \\(G({\\mathcal F})\\) is connected. \\({\\mathcal F}\\) is called irreducible if for each proper nonempty subset \\(\\emptyset \\neq I \\subset V\\), the following condition holds: let \\(J=V\\backslash I\\), then there exists \\(k \\in [d]\\), \\(i_k \\in I \\bigcap V_k\\) and \\(i_j \\in J \\bigcap V_j\\) for each \\(j \\in [d] \\backslash \\{k\\}\\) such that \\(f_{i_1,\\dots,i_d}>0\\).  The main result of this paper gives sufficient conditions on the uniqueness of positive solution of the system ({1}), for weakly irreducible and irreducible nonnegative tensors. More generally, the authors show that similar conclusions hold for eigenproblems involving polynomial maps with nonnegative coefficients. They derive an analog of Collatz-Wielandt's minimax characterization of the Perron eigenvalue.  Computational aspects are also addressed: the authors give a sufficient condition which guarantees that the power algorithm converges to a normalized eigenvector, and they derive a spectral gap type formula for the asymptotic convergence rate. Finally, they present numerical examples showing that the conclusion of the main result no longer holds for \\(p_1= \\dots =p_d < d\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$80A2ED90-CAAD-4DD9-A5EE-2CAB40BE1236","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"379993e49d6b3bf4f928ea97a76d4470fec7f1af","datavalue":{"value":"15B48","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$84E3C119-D932-48CF-8646-84737305E19F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"fcdcf091e8d296dbd4abc537c837748e635f0d4a","datavalue":{"value":"15A69","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$D4DEB069-7262-4065-8E28-10C5633D7B36","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1fd405649af5a3f9a37557a0bd816920cbf1d33b","datavalue":{"value":"65F15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$0F08A2B8-35EA-4E0A-AC9A-27AA5B7CA9C0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"baec6e5129081232dc35e8ed30ade3fff45ccb8f","datavalue":{"value":"6125888","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$0F64470F-407C-47CD-8D5F-964E38027F48","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a60c02f00cb9b44b05a069bf7f51ec5afd557bde","datavalue":{"value":"multilinear form","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$3CD91311-B839-4593-9C23-9FC213B4F58E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b0f3c5e8eed063b522de83860eee868e03e5a232","datavalue":{"value":"Perron-Frobenius theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$3BBBCAF0-928A-4F57-A437-2A235E6627B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6318b8283ca68ac31a497a300a079af8adc0f881","datavalue":{"value":"nonnegative tensors","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$425905D1-7571-4934-A299-E1FFA45A7FBC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4e84ee48586814a40f00ca811bc22a55bf16a558","datavalue":{"value":"undirected graph","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$551941AE-3B40-46BA-BA01-32A1EA1CA45D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3c3ba1a3075265285d39974bb28985ed6579cbc9","datavalue":{"value":"weakly irreducible","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$0CE3F499-417F-44D0-AE97-41E7EA5702D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b923121763a873f5bd404b0ed646489d9803a281","datavalue":{"value":"positive solution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$EA72A9B4-F422-4473-851B-A3AB865950E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"faa77c0a70ef286c0dddacb5192872026ffca7be","datavalue":{"value":"eigenproblems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$C12F7526-5F89-4E8A-B734-4A3F85EA75A2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"10dfbedaf0e48005e99fb2471e2c607c0391b24e","datavalue":{"value":"Collatz-Wielandt's minimax characterization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$DF58FF21-E02F-4AC8-BBA6-909D27CC9416","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e47699bfa2dbe56650fc1dbf56a8fbb5602c2fa5","datavalue":{"value":"Perron eigenvalue","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$FF0123CD-0240-4CC8-B320-E1CFEE4BC7F1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1e9f212355e81f22aacac6f4051146110abc9ea9","datavalue":{"value":"power algorithm","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$B8249107-5892-479A-8A3E-9FD9570E2522","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"912f7fe6ea20967e606e7bc68204818f644ed4ae","datavalue":{"value":"normalized eigenvector","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$91BF5F04-20E6-4C9E-8492-2F6F6A8C0F76","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"03ee0109af41ad406ecd743518061baaa9e5e3ff","datavalue":{"value":"convergence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$4CF2B69F-204C-4DCB-A1F9-B437E8EEB0F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1d74cb5419439f42eb1ba8891c8722bd3702922d","datavalue":{"value":"numerical examples","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$F34C0713-FE9A-4659-A7E4-06D5782A1E07","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"72075667a09eed7ddbdd98a11e049b348a11dc9f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1116414,"id":"Q1116414"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$46FCB9B4-AC55-457F-B2BF-EF93927FCD7E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$401F92F8-F969-437A-B902-19120DD70E60","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"417eb8c810f6c62a2d4d0f61e1988547e2bdc56e","datavalue":{"value":"W2066105650","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$1335FBC5-0DF5-40F6-BD7D-E93A82F365C5","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1871acca755bf376dfc4e1d63b5089a55e8ebd7c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":936504,"id":"Q936504"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$1A6F2F83-23A9-442D-A259-38E5A4DBAC46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"21a63e4ef727f7c0eda3f65a10f9b8ba97255396","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":819124,"id":"Q819124"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$6ABA2B2A-2073-44AB-959B-53E247E1FF49","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7c4808f52943f85542f7c682d82f0e74cbc01880","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4811908,"id":"Q4811908"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$D0538531-FDDB-4C8E-9385-7D2F7A2E8BEE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8ac901c708c183aa8e58846d883d9b07974caf86","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2882394,"id":"Q2882394"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$4B1271DB-17EF-4566-A08D-D859D8C1B10D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ea6a55dd1fafdb97010211da4cbf64ca40ccf24f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3998992,"id":"Q3998992"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$743FAA72-1AC1-44AA-BEAD-7BED3CD19074","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b8da1eaffb906d2e0306824c4c4fe0630b1e3603","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3584148,"id":"Q3584148"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$6731557F-9F22-4E9B-8B51-B106E6EA2157","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"01805a71940e66633941ac4206b98af8cea51752","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1073138,"id":"Q1073138"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$C8217CB3-B3E0-4FC8-A856-3DA028D7E5A8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a1fd28ddd8c16088ea70711655e2eb56eb301d7c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3817190,"id":"Q3817190"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$D4AE0794-A60C-40A1-9BBE-6668A50F5C37","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f7fd37ea2f0aae260552276bf4200e9996e767ee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4804469,"id":"Q4804469"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$47BD4CA2-0CFF-477B-8696-6A9C1D4417A4","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"48000229f400fef7e61419f54c7f68457e46c0e7","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.LAA.2011.02.042","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1931765$937C0B56-C462-43D0-8C5E-AF9C0613D48C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"359e2e54be56f617a67a8884d716f9959edb8e47","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1079340,"id":"Q1079340"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f119faa9ec560eb7b02a9d9bebc8cf0f407c349f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8035224080085754","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1931765$28D3F4B8-40F0-452E-BF7E-BE8C91887DED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9e4307d33a88276282a3920efffef17e944d8f9a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2486619,"id":"Q2486619"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"559f6c39e075b322cdeba0cf8090275d2c6787f7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7913050055503845","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1931765$2E0A5470-0306-4CDE-93A8-D7E8228B24E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aaa79012599a7d391b06f17e6c7448413a8e23d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2259136,"id":"Q2259136"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"718ea90add57f9684143da41f263b88f59345b01","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7768548130989075","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1931765$409C33E7-DB72-4E54-AE8F-5C12BD05995C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d4bd2cc1997feb7ccbba7307b7a993b200beb72d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1961277,"id":"Q1961277"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4a005edfe91fa2f30083d52c4f38ed42aa6fcde2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7692797183990479","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1931765$0781E47F-86A9-41D2-931C-3CD37DC481BD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5619259e39503eb95a5433cbf7fd1a93e3a12e20","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4811908,"id":"Q4811908"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1220d6f824df932dad67976c1d810b76f6906247","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7675472497940063","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1931765$D0306A68-1455-4B5D-BA6F-448EDC32A655","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Perron-Frobenius theorem for nonnegative multilinear forms and extensions","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Perron-Frobenius_theorem_for_nonnegative_multilinear_forms_and_extensions"}}}}}