{"entities":{"Q1936017":{"pageid":1946759,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1936017","lastrevid":69103083,"modified":"2026-04-13T04:48:28Z","type":"item","id":"Q1936017","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"How to implement return policies in a two-echelon supply chain?"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6137734"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$5BB34816-66BB-4D98-9FA7-3122DC6E920B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"7c9d460ca2169c0e5f5f2481b3b4bf4e09455f3d","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"How to implement return policies in a two-echelon supply chain?","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$FF32F4F9-CAF1-4ED6-93AF-2F09EDC5CCF9","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"e0a18400843457b9d8724d84cf43656f6936d464","datavalue":{"value":"1257.90032","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$F5738DF9-250F-4992-A1D7-78CE550543E5","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"d55b1702a27a17a2c505ab69f11e03f878ca6dc2","datavalue":{"value":"10.1155/2012/453193","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$AF3B2710-CB23-4F78-B10A-FABD66A7F623","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"572f1fbc6ef7a926b4922830aebc7d611bf88f3c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":330796,"id":"Q330796"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$B2F413A1-0B4D-4F0C-851B-6F7B7815592A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b8dff0bd065e5dd873c9eb633e094a2ba7284817","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":322489,"id":"Q322489"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$93E360BA-BC8D-46C2-9915-1DF462BB4216","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e5ea7bc024fe2946ca15646035f056e2ab96db7a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":169945,"id":"Q169945"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$1169D9AD-C403-433C-9179-C56313AAC458","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"4ec88787b088b88fbcbfef6eb4534917e7df1ffe","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2013-02-21T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$0A652AB8-9676-45E0-A6B0-C2E9C0B6FAB6","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"ccfeff4f075f4d9dcb653b69254202558971ba77","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: We integrate a retailer's return policy and a supplier's buyback policy within a modeling framework. In this setting, consumers decide whether to buy and then whether to return the product, the retailer sets the retail price, quantity, and refund price, and the supplier chooses the wholesale price and buyback price. Both the demand uncertainty and consumers' valuation uncertainty are considered; consumers realize their valuations only after purchase. We discuss four scenarios for each party in the supply chain that may offer or not offer return policy. We characterize each party's optimal decisions for all scenarios and we show that the supplier's best choice is to provide buyback policy and the retailer's optimal response is to set refund price to be the same as supplier's buyback price.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$19037B44-43E7-49DF-A62C-CB014C01445E","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"306e8f65eab4f086795d9337f8e86ca94ed2db57","datavalue":{"value":"90B50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$3BE1D429-09E8-45AC-907E-44C9421471C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"38e213338db24b8f359e8c3fca9e6e9ae655d7ca","datavalue":{"value":"90B30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$D1F03467-A96C-476C-B58E-9C9BD90BAB07","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"292d1c0e14b20c70afb8c1e6ec454eafa3da0aad","datavalue":{"value":"6137734","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$76C66449-AF95-4E9A-A9CD-4EF91CE2AD18","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"910c3c8f9e9becb02282fc5c165f3d7b90b1c369","datavalue":{"value":"Q58700566","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$D5E5B052-C6B9-4C8F-9E9A-037D82A24B03","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$1EE25256-557C-48FB-919F-C971F4A73C30","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"170af7695b5affe059fd1e94365dd61635e88fdb","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/453193","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$11EAB69C-AE08-4F4A-9DF6-E0D5747B6016","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"33728684ee8ae387be72c60ff875654b10de40e8","datavalue":{"value":"W2157911773","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$7FF6910B-FC5F-4197-A293-A26F6D818DBA","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"28ca7ded697815558cbdfc3755de77fb83094f82","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":859691,"id":"Q859691"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$2A04C8EF-6095-4544-964C-BEEB62E3346E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"743de8be5f0a33aeef44f23630a558862115a822","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":856214,"id":"Q856214"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$54AA2EF2-5016-491B-A135-7BDF0281AE9F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7360e80c14556029277f797a181837c6919d7587","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1011285,"id":"Q1011285"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$F8147787-C0C0-44A6-8A8E-C76FD5D7156C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6f85443257e13f4573bc6c191770f02e8947f163","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2783789,"id":"Q2783789"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$B69AA498-8D4B-418D-853A-E915189418C2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"196f689351f34e0d0bb61ef46beb64838799bab0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":421523,"id":"Q421523"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$687E4E45-B2A9-4C37-B98A-3A7F8B71F0A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8ad556b6ac1b919d3208e270e65bdcf78313a10f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1887786,"id":"Q1887786"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$90CDFF65-C77A-4C2A-9EF0-C771052C7543","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9370bf114c971c27e5378ce1546bd57ba8635456","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4859654,"id":"Q4859654"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$C5B7413D-95A9-4F03-A2A0-74A5AFBE23FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b5bae4bed17dc9673ed7a9ce34dc6832503efe42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2378398,"id":"Q2378398"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$AAEF2FB4-3C08-4818-8156-B046F54EDEE7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"39f9b186ecf4fb8ce1710dc8ff29cda54e2865a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4910666,"id":"Q4910666"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$20B99FAB-861A-4141-BE3F-F33B7E9450FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c6ff6edfde28c6f1670a4df2fd9c6f2285eb86ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2569099,"id":"Q2569099"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$BCD6A40C-19AA-44D9-ACC9-1268789B5803","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"69d1ad99937fbb9950fc8987ead63f706f69e4ec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2370043,"id":"Q2370043"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$7D53E469-2971-41D7-9FEC-787FA5F1914B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cc305e43abc62f1a5ac8718460035c7a242c3ecd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":726228,"id":"Q726228"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9856f4a547a7b350c2c8b571a972d4d9f3eb6d03","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8074787259101868","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1936017$97D65C43-AAD7-4DFE-8C75-1A2619D79033","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b4e2b36371a16170c5910037fde9fc3740af3097","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5428947,"id":"Q5428947"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"18bdefed450644066f55d5081ec97996f4b0d16e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.805715024471283","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1936017$3C84A2D9-697F-4FEE-945A-4791546DFEEB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6e5b52b10750c6916949b4db5e215e15aa304bcd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":992640,"id":"Q992640"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d305aa25263f281cfd47ce66ad06c506ad2e76e7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.786296546459198","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1936017$B0A7D150-A78D-43FF-AF94-28822334CDD2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d5836c164175453f8d17ac2791fac2b69e5bdf46","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4910666,"id":"Q4910666"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4cd090010caa7b0f30720b1b2ea981214e54b048","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7776906490325928","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1936017$19D6BFE8-7F57-46FB-B043-DB81A0CB66E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"39b17b466d190163290f8314e770f4c3a6d9b359","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2321436,"id":"Q2321436"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cec60aa0a1c705e13783dfcb056e8cd681eb59a5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.776685357093811","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1936017$562407D0-BF3E-4E4D-8642-966406B313B8","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1936017$57C29968-1BF5-4246-9101-E032E816447E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"How to implement return policies in a two-echelon supply chain?","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/How_to_implement_return_policies_in_a_two-echelon_supply_chain%3F"}}}}}