{"entities":{"Q1946542":{"pageid":1957284,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1946542","lastrevid":71963439,"modified":"2026-04-14T01:43:44Z","type":"item","id":"Q1946542","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Stability and convergence of product formulas for operator matrices"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6153921"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$E2D30D8F-8734-4A43-87EB-B96AF0D9B603","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"0d514f2e548ce0237efcc317b266f954e7e79299","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Stability and convergence of product formulas for operator matrices","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$95E5310F-B7E8-492A-90B3-115226FB1A77","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"27886ca998692d5c90c433b6a002358bb6534851","datavalue":{"value":"1275.47090","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$6A0A2BD1-8786-4AFA-8840-033494829F0F","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c36035a68397dcf4644f407e21e660ba991b1f28","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":423367,"id":"Q423367"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$F908E70B-FD7B-4F47-B48B-9D086292B6FA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4775a5a1ea835f217b2031cd1da1bb2e604516fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":309951,"id":"Q309951"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$B64138DE-1D9A-469A-916E-3186DCBFD092","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cd7e636e3c296d6bb1485b0151d99e7dd8466334","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":224893,"id":"Q224893"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$BFCB030D-49CA-4887-A3E0-0016590961E0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"856285fdb961f2b1f9b58ac04e74cdbc170df234","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":358610,"id":"Q358610"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$231265C1-6D9A-4170-9A8F-04C1632265A7","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"59cddf3d6c8b9ff30ec69dcac7a964502cfca1ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163245,"id":"Q163245"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$F49BAFD1-39F5-4713-BF15-E2FFB0438193","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"765cd593eb4c0a85f684310f1c77606d8c65d861","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2013-04-15T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$9A398001-1871-4B04-A832-E9A9710B88F3","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"814cdcfd68844510a4bf4e8ebc392f6484368275","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.1118","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$3678D9B2-9088-4C43-93AE-D0D4DC01C72C","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9e6586f9917fafddc27648ecc53b559bae926254","datavalue":{"value":"The subject matter belongs to the the field of \\textit{operator splitting,} where, under adequate assumptions, the semigroup \\({\\mathcal T}(t)\\) generated by a sum \\(\\overline{{\\mathcal A}_1 + {\\mathcal A}_2}\\) of infinitesimal generators is constructed directly from the semigroups \\({\\mathcal T}_1(t),\\) \\({\\mathcal T}_2(t)\\) generated by \\({\\mathcal A}_1,\\) \\({\\mathcal A}_2.\\) Three of these formulas are  \\[  \\begin{align*}{ {\\cal T}(t)u &= \\lim_{n \\to \\infty} \\Big({\\cal T}_2\\Big({t \\over n}\\Big) {\\cal T}_1\\Big({t \\over n}\\Big) \\Big)^n u, \\cr {\\cal T}(t)u &= \\lim_{n \\to \\infty} \\Big({\\cal T}_1\\Big( {t \\over 2n}\\Big){\\cal T}_2\\Big({t \\over n}\\Big) {\\cal T}_1\\Big({t \\over 2n}\\Big) \\Big)^n u, \\cr {\\cal T}(t)u &= \\lim_{n \\to \\infty} \\Big( {1 \\over 2} {\\cal T}_1\\Big({t \\over n}\\Big) {\\cal T}_2\\Big({t \\over n}\\Big) + {1 \\over 2} {\\cal T}_2\\Big({t \\over n}\\Big) {\\cal T}_1\\Big({t \\over n}\\Big) \\Big)^n u }\\end{align*},  \\]  the first a generalization by Trotter of Lie's finite dimensional formula, the second due to Strang, the third an example of \\textit{weighted splitting.} The particular case considered in this paper is that where \\(\\mathcal A\\) is a \\(2 \\times 2\\) operator matrix in a product space \\({\\mathcal E} = E \\times F\\). The authors show that, under assumptions that imply that \\({\\mathcal A}\\) generates a semigroup \\({\\mathcal T}(t)\\) of \\textit{upper triangular} form \\(({\\mathcal T}_{21}(t) = 0),\\) \\(\\mathcal A\\) can be written as a sum of two infinitesimal generators such that the splitting formulas hold. There are applications to inhomogeneous abstract Cauchy problems and boundary feedback systems.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$5AA2E993-C5A0-446B-84B3-210E93C7AFE1","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"71b174392024ff471fe883ab87527d44b0b1d9af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590499,"id":"Q590499"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$E5AB747B-DDFA-4265-A627-771CF0A4E385","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ce5de759d72115c272099fac8ad1899bb78f2f1e","datavalue":{"value":"47D06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$D63ED172-03B0-41A3-AA82-9D7F2BBCD7C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"19916a4b7396326f5206d6c0412dfa372255eebb","datavalue":{"value":"34G10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$72F3194F-EDA9-4211-AA65-ACB4914F9C0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1644f14a9dbaae9aa6ab9b1f229cf18d689a0882","datavalue":{"value":"47N40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$86934534-80E9-488E-9C65-5506AB356619","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b0796c674e9ec5ecd29d9025d70a26ba5d545f34","datavalue":{"value":"65J10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$1B48030D-B260-4714-8E87-00DEEFCCD708","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"11d535589ec09c73335cd87f2f2c8a7603b847e3","datavalue":{"value":"6153921","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$AA16B78E-C2D3-4182-B9AE-6227C0504858","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4864de79197bae46e8cffe39f9b8c67427a11d0c","datavalue":{"value":"evolution equations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$CF61709C-599A-42B0-BDB1-37120D5FFFFA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3aac7f7c7dccc79757cacaa136e09461a3ae5d2c","datavalue":{"value":"strongly continuous semigroups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$CBBD0FB0-ABEE-4BE0-B7DE-9C54D52A69CF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"97505c2b11ea23e5434355b594e8c928345f96e9","datavalue":{"value":"operator splitting","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$043BEB7B-5161-455A-ADA0-B95D2AF12D4D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3994bfe507b9f795791b5d3ddc1b70e60acfcf76","datavalue":{"value":"Lie-Trotter formula","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$C7B7CFE6-7730-42FC-BB8E-878BDD217DAF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1acdf4b931a30c8722af28f76b3aef8890d3fe92","datavalue":{"value":"operator matrices","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$5071A9D3-949F-4C27-BF01-FC02FB22DA3A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1420aa1c410ca694d6108f1fa484e985b943e5b3","datavalue":{"value":"inhomogeneous Cauchy problems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$BC2B475D-B82D-4A7D-A3DE-C8E53CE4A9C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"15251bf33f7e8858a09e02428db2cd59d70e6cfd","datavalue":{"value":"boundary feedback systems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$939B0057-E40B-4E87-BF15-E5B381F4BADD","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"0e2da5d1cc72f9a9f2ccc999af83fed3f67f2088","datavalue":{"value":"Q58044293","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$A408745A-B422-48EB-8EF5-6B7384ED6947","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$BC169A66-FE88-486A-B427-8602453C3F9A","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"de669aa3a3732c22059e87969745c78f2c94269c","datavalue":{"value":"W2034833083","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$72E985A5-A9FB-4040-9BEB-18AF4FB4F828","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3fe415e00352a53775aec6aa99968cdbeaa515aa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":630804,"id":"Q630804"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$2DE91D1D-D4D6-4635-9E49-50250B1D1E06","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"126d9f82fa5bfd94257c84fa4003ed6989d72835","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3143977,"id":"Q3143977"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$526CB09E-8317-4BA0-9D89-7EFEC7B3139E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4140eaaa9ff78f8168a0aa8ed6df6eb12a1082f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":423369,"id":"Q423369"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$75441889-C9E2-44E3-964D-E384632A3A1F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a273c9aec7261900ff257300740f20e80053c240","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3840704,"id":"Q3840704"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$96FF6CA5-961B-42A1-8AA3-4655C1B20503","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9e8b2cfa6925a52dbe43a37aff203b10bc2684f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1416665,"id":"Q1416665"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$DDBC98C7-072D-4BD3-A142-FE7C18958133","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4aa68727108b19789dc5fba6c48ebde1e0212cd2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3479064,"id":"Q3479064"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$D2C6E84A-EA37-43F3-BB0F-A3EFFF4C5843","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"407f19a522cf324cc68189d62e034ab30ac4a02c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":945109,"id":"Q945109"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$D32EF28E-DEFC-4257-B839-26471E1ED4E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"51d0fbb5cf0f718b095e9657fc2818727dfe91b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4269120,"id":"Q4269120"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$4A054A9E-B4DA-4769-9CAA-2D46E6746719","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ffebc75223da83a47ef65096cdc695f8412abae4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5468872,"id":"Q5468872"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$750F19B9-88C3-4339-9868-B056A7018B4B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e6aa1a6af2722a8b28e03dd457e0b35fbcc0f8ff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":968102,"id":"Q968102"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$2DC18A87-6863-4F29-99D8-8F28F0E97588","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bc486ec3087e865e83f72ca02a408e26447827e8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4421310,"id":"Q4421310"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$048CE2F9-ECDB-4C01-BD14-C15028364C5A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d2dec173907cfd2f2f6cc787163fbbd13f7611e6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":450906,"id":"Q450906"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$3C092DAC-2D43-4E4B-9843-1D2CF6C60B18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"597a0b7ebd8f3614fae06c94be1219cde1458c96","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3534846,"id":"Q3534846"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$3118BE7D-D9F9-48DF-B8C5-B2861F1CF432","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"523ac802bf882d16c3ce787e11986de164f0e0ab","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00020-012-1994-4","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946542$F240B72C-EDF5-4879-95B3-395CE71D5246","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"609a7d63da5928b89e49b60ba6a755e5bcc8a681","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4524212,"id":"Q4524212"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c513864aaf6875d7c8b91c4628f2ee2ea8d817ae","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7578186392784119","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946542$A39B7780-D669-4D49-9296-4CCD2B389A83","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e0eec9121081e180fa0421950a1f98994da0b1b9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4890813,"id":"Q4890813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a037e4f4fe2a53cd8ec26d77e3d52fcfb6d03699","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.752813994884491","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946542$16B444CA-5E29-4C9C-A774-F5536D4F546F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d09ce26c80690f00610053f6e572f97a69de9142","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4918802,"id":"Q4918802"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1b8943fff4d7284b4406b7e2ae71b4844773eb0f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7497813701629639","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946542$E7500F7C-C4AA-44A5-83DE-6A06B6E1A375","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"06a8cda4a494fc88c64634e2ac7d868994f97494","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3382910,"id":"Q3382910"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bac65239feeea7b0530923e0ac07baf8d94e4990","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7450429797172546","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946542$E849E1B9-7179-4EB5-8600-D81F969F6BA9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c89f166eb1c107bf7cd1b37c60024fbbaa2ed2a3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3840704,"id":"Q3840704"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4b4c1a0118de43b1b830c1e96fd67dd3ab1a2445","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7319438457489014","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946542$C6CD3E46-0043-459B-B4B3-CCB58F1B3275","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Stability and convergence of product formulas for operator matrices","badges":[]}}}}}