{"entities":{"Q1946544":{"pageid":1957286,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1946544","lastrevid":71963457,"modified":"2026-04-14T01:43:45Z","type":"item","id":"Q1946544","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Approximation of the quadratic numerical range of block operator matrices"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6153922"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$1A4E4359-3B54-4C20-88F9-1E2C227176E2","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"cba8db189768d7f282f19162dc8cb55d972dff43","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Approximation of the quadratic numerical range of block operator matrices","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$EB97511C-3C59-4D31-91BE-F90EF5E9B9A2","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"db552f5d06f1176c339ff7c141b07448d901ab37","datavalue":{"value":"1277.47009","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$54D7ACA7-BE55-4A39-B32C-C483D79102BD","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f961ef4e695f3faf8d42ad378fbab3250c9dacd8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1946543,"id":"Q1946543"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$C6B25830-3A36-4BFB-A74F-280D30C563D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d0541449daeafead54bbcc28e6d020c0c48aa037","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":982434,"id":"Q982434"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$2F09A7B9-B3DC-4520-9C2D-A61C381B01C5","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"59cddf3d6c8b9ff30ec69dcac7a964502cfca1ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163245,"id":"Q163245"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$BA0E6C1B-88ED-4E91-9F1D-2BCA98372AD5","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"765cd593eb4c0a85f684310f1c77606d8c65d861","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2013-04-15T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$D0843A5C-F4B3-4A1E-B71E-09739404FFDD","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"4bf15a2bf804350d5fd9215b8a818946f3830108","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\({\\mathcal H}={\\mathcal H}_1\\oplus {\\mathcal H}_2\\) be a decomposition of a complex Hilbert space \\({\\mathcal H}\\) into the orthogonal sum of two subspaces and let \\({\\mathcal A}=[A_{ij}]_{i,j=1}^{2}\\) be the block operator matrix representation of a (not necessarily bounded) linear operator \\({\\mathcal A}\\) on \\({\\mathcal H}\\). The quadratic numerical range \\(W^2({\\mathcal A})\\) is the set of all eigenvalues of \\(2\\times 2\\) matrices \\({\\mathcal A}_{x_1,x_2}=[ \\langle A_{ij}x_j,x_i\\rangle/\\| x_i\\| \\|x_j\\|]_{i,j=1}^{2}\\), where \\(x_1\\in {\\mathcal D}(A_{11})\\cap {\\mathcal D}(A_{21})\\) and \\(x_2\\in {\\mathcal D}(A_{12})\\cap {\\mathcal D}(A_{22})\\) are non-zero vectors and \\({\\mathcal D}(\\cdot)\\) denotes the domain of an operator.  In the paper, the computation of \\(W^2({\\mathcal A})\\) by projection methods is considered. These methods yield a subset of the quadratic numerical range under very weak hypotheses. Only when one wants to generate the whole set \\(W^2({\\mathcal A})\\), some extra assumptions are necessary. Some analytical results about the large-\\(\\lambda\\) shape of the quadratic numerical range for certain classes of block operator matrices are proved as well and applied to a Hain-L\u00fcst problem.   The paper illustrates the practical difficulties associated with the computation of quadratic numerical ranges.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$A0D39587-FE69-4A07-AF71-AC2D7DD16F0D","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"b94501437b7d18dc8db5111b0e8b34311f95f330","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":589397,"id":"Q589397"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$D41B1EFF-BE9C-4EF1-B685-FA8822FA3E92","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"83b0584a288cdbafe1b91c6545350175fc528144","datavalue":{"value":"47A12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$8B92567E-C3E0-4A6D-805E-FD63C5BCCE77","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"de015211c641081855981090b49964fceb04e0c6","datavalue":{"value":"15A60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$5D838024-FF75-49BA-94B3-DAE56351A8EF","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"dc441be78a49091056fca29d5a61088de6e77641","datavalue":{"value":"6153922","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$585F4702-A059-4F89-8DB4-B9A2726A9705","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"baedb4060410d3a7df0fd11fffa263e102c7f6e4","datavalue":{"value":"block operator matrix","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$8C9E44D0-1F67-45C7-BF4B-3BA628A21982","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e078b7ee638b3228a61fcfbf756073335908a6d2","datavalue":{"value":"quadratic numerical range","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$2689DEF0-2853-44CE-8CBC-55705B0D953E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"74d6404e829d19e64d297f513f15a61de8c02693","datavalue":{"value":"projection method","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$96129804-73DC-44A3-97AA-2C73A9643623","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"411b946a7d80fc839ccc818dba9c8e5222ffcc87","datavalue":{"value":"Hain-L\u00fcst operator","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$BCDB8AB7-CCD2-4979-A4EB-0FFA71F9FFC1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"603477637c97e9e5917f9e5036ad2705809204ef","datavalue":{"value":"spectral pollution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$4392D43F-46D7-48E7-A65A-DB378FA4ADE2","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$A39A675E-1C26-4B30-94EF-D5BE4C0B4CF4","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"37ee69e041da82cb30d364da66c47f8c1e6cd616","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00020-012-1971-y","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$898E6820-9B35-4867-B69B-21752182E02C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"faf6180df0eb59f24cfcb26a35f0acaac27cd5ca","datavalue":{"value":"W1973119620","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$D2CE3B94-F6A4-42DE-A0CF-8720894A6236","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"23458b36187f2ee882f93961c61cc2f270536fe5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4865552,"id":"Q4865552"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$A12E662A-7FB7-4E25-9770-E0BC181633ED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8281e32e4f8e0b34be5c1600fc67ef0e79dc8264","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4831802,"id":"Q4831802"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$9A580B23-A2D6-4AE4-B899-5E51088DE7C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9a60ba2d4bdbcb50439004bd47d3343cf16bb2af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3251257,"id":"Q3251257"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$1ACB4795-1C7B-4982-8375-337197366F00","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ff6692edd65b8a57b6786c1f9b7bd857436993d5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5940028,"id":"Q5940028"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$FFB442D1-466A-4965-A622-66BF97DCD16C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"24f73b6bf858e925ecb2bd8019a4e49040d0c2cd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3361191,"id":"Q3361191"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$789CF1C6-D514-476E-BC12-71645B93D952","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7b520c79c094b23b5f922b6be1472a582c157b95","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4529287,"id":"Q4529287"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$83F15F1D-24B1-4A13-81B9-27CBE1566375","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"597a0b7ebd8f3614fae06c94be1219cde1458c96","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3534846,"id":"Q3534846"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$0AF64FD4-CD25-4DF9-8F9B-E44F552DD9D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a9a07c05e29e20a321fa1d19e5ca7f0a21ab9dea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1024573,"id":"Q1024573"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$6BCCBD92-20AF-423D-9DFA-058E7ECA7851","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a3684e65fbaee52ad13f2ec93d91ad50a0be20a1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4443786,"id":"Q4443786"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$A33A9601-C834-4C18-A8C9-FA5F306B258F","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"e4e3b30adeb3169468e2b1cf01a217c82a767d7b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00020-012-1971-Y","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1946544$0CA1496B-42C6-4D55-AAA2-73109B7F417C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"486b274712ff575cd33c9439c3df764cbe73466b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5864493,"id":"Q5864493"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"844e39bf757d9f208a15fdc8134eefcd8a3d6cb0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9708389","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946544$F6C94726-056F-4F54-95C1-C924A9250D89","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d8990297e9c52eb438117f1dc05fe0fcaedced7c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4438048,"id":"Q4438048"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3c8e92881680d8ab7ac7d309fc487ef1a52fafb3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.96275544","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946544$200E448A-87A0-4C5B-B281-4A05B60699C5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"954f909cb6bf1c7e7013bdcf5004e51227464b45","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5192218,"id":"Q5192218"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c7df5ac2ad70aefa9af0bfaabd77ea6b5b7578a6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.95623046","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946544$5E9BDBD8-C080-4649-88E5-AA962E9B1586","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"71708b93dac1cc692565fce7cc445d9989ccc7d5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5940028,"id":"Q5940028"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"64720e0572bc02c489c2e569a4e02622390ece36","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9528346","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946544$FEF00A33-ECC1-4A7F-8FC9-AC38D54D306A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bd676b6a330c2f1a445e9a578a2192118ad1a375","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4998072,"id":"Q4998072"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6db960afeff0f625654e0dc9d60714928b26b57e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9411371","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946544$332D54CA-0220-4128-9301-34E158C5CC6F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"807ccdbc15244743283ab6fbb1589fb3061d24e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3380720,"id":"Q3380720"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"477abf48ac3573e079d235635e9b940b108f5871","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.93354285","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946544$45C34295-F022-457A-89E8-DAE720596307","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"99f79de2fbee63c409871c8f56ff70c6c7fdbf09","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5073030,"id":"Q5073030"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2b05be856533dd5222935cf68d2c95b5120a33a2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.92130274","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946544$647E0BD2-4971-4114-A09E-CF93F1C519A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c5eea703df01d4b6f0684327c271d3bb463e79df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4443786,"id":"Q4443786"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e87e7909b77fcc708a392903ba69e2bdc41f17c1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.91149944","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946544$44F61688-96AF-433D-BEB3-57455FBE508F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9bffe9f20943501a6330f0aa45534a67a0529886","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5072465,"id":"Q5072465"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5af996e5cd905b622fdf81c67b663cdbf1fc8a46","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90703964","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946544$9E91818A-6A21-4D2E-8867-27B5BD8D9777","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7f0bc72168309e4f2bc1fb32f61508e4d6117c6f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5037978,"id":"Q5037978"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"10e611d6e1102c95d8f4ce7cbf2ea0ab9e246948","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9009087","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1946544$A3CED026-B5B0-430B-BAE9-F70D0C2E67F9","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Approximation of the quadratic numerical range of block operator matrices","badges":[]}}}}}