{"entities":{"Q1954504":{"pageid":1965246,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1954504","lastrevid":43444326,"modified":"2025-07-25T22:02:03Z","type":"item","id":"Q1954504","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Solving the tractor and semi-trailer routing problem based on a heuristic approach"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6173075"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$385BB672-39A4-45E6-8B46-C3C5B1944114","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"cd96921d8a501b8f8f198e5ae5094a19cb04817f","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Solving the tractor and semi-trailer routing problem based on a heuristic approach","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$8C88D573-8CC1-42EF-8301-3CD1E8026FED","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"288840512df3608d7b3b757af24ea588149f528d","datavalue":{"value":"1264.90148","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$6D997FD7-A4A0-4DA4-8BFC-9EFB871FD20D","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"0e5b31897a29d1d43e9a9f421da034d87d18ba5c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1155/2012/182584","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$652BDB84-A17D-4A4B-9E28-2C628D71A856","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3f788c1a0c30f1e5f0d91e932e89bd8a4f6c973b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":260199,"id":"Q260199"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$1FDEA0D0-AA7E-4EE9-9D5F-74DD45929CDF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c950b40cbb8e05ffc0e2537c8a5e28c763306842","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":397812,"id":"Q397812"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$6B0CF0BC-0485-428A-908F-1824373B23EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ae833c0d705a4f5bae2a31fe6a6cf2727c29ccb4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":468034,"id":"Q468034"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$095021D1-E138-4243-878C-E724BC71A126","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7abb46d9ac442722661fea8ec083c9dc586f713f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":352602,"id":"Q352602"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$7E919F06-413F-448A-81D4-FC774221D1E9","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"3dc97bc0aff607b9c22ce37ffa18b6de85001d90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":86199,"id":"Q86199"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$EE29C064-EA4D-4586-8C61-A4DACE3CD856","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"8f1333f5ea32121d60563094ddcc091f8ab3e533","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2013-06-11T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$3AEA08F2-89DC-4788-AC09-9D8DDE4EAD8F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"14d627b85fdb36ff10c6742dcd809c3bf5d0feb1","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: We study the tractor and semi-trailer routing problem (TSRP), a variant of the vehicle routing problem (VRP). In the TSRP model for this paper, vehicles are dispatched on a trailer-flow network where there is only one main depot, and all tractors originate and terminate in the main depot. Two types of decisions are involved: the number of tractors and the route of each tractor. Heuristic algorithms have seen widespread application to various extensions of the VRP. However, this approach has not been applied to the TSRP. We propose a heuristic algorithm to solve the TSRP. The proposed heuristic algorithm first constructs the initial route set by the limitation of a driver's on-duty time. The candidate routes in the initial set are then filtered by a two-phase approach. The computational study shows that our algorithm is feasible for the TSRP. Moreover, the algorithm takes relatively little time to obtain satisfactory solutions. The results suggest that our heuristic algorithm is competitive in solving the TSRP.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$7C55971E-C382-4D20-84F1-7F3B2AF5FFE9","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"35cb8465ca85ba26995d54be2905dc35556d665c","datavalue":{"value":"90C27","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$5A69125F-1CBE-4116-A862-EC13C9C891CD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"810d660658648f9bc3138c1cd0aba8029bb9050c","datavalue":{"value":"90B06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$4381F7A6-A393-4688-A889-125C6CFEB29D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"7a8580950b500d4600b1c57917dd9eb62464b8c7","datavalue":{"value":"6173075","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$7053BB69-9121-4515-AB17-ADAEC426D6EB","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"33d953b56b501d70c9b20c86d0a6be9c7399cfd5","datavalue":{"value":"Q58912548","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$C8910E19-417E-4A2E-9D59-06C696A901F4","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$1C18392F-1D53-478D-82A5-C00CBBC1425C","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"26e85c7f2603b70d0c71db52a797b52853ace173","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/182584","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$23C243CC-A994-4F3F-9B38-AD63F58D4C5D","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"8465d5d5a2585935e917852098cf7822163f7d3d","datavalue":{"value":"W2096037927","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$AA7585A0-F800-42E5-B1A5-977FBE7AD538","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ede891079fee44baafc85742100a48da61183115","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":959516,"id":"Q959516"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$3AB733EF-1932-4C25-8EE6-8FAE4D2BF753","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"857bfa096dd50a9879daa643b266e67846cf2b27","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2367019,"id":"Q2367019"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$5DAD8E94-19ED-4C97-9650-47A97E971579","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e626740c6142f9607670f8dd06ebf92490a539ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1268206,"id":"Q1268206"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$6C101B0E-6523-437A-827A-95F6003D95CF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"51409785801af73411cf8de766bccd79a8ce1678","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5955470,"id":"Q5955470"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$5EE1058B-CAFE-4910-B4B6-556C9C1D7D21","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"29eceea85ac59f70fb849d291c5dc704e7069c6b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2571183,"id":"Q2571183"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$6CB8028F-3496-43E7-ADC8-AB9C6FF303F3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"07d76965639dddbcd42f3e7e5afdcfb4b9ad7937","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1848592,"id":"Q1848592"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$2AA0F794-8FC1-4BE3-88FD-4658B849CAEA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b519d487a698a33a6f44486e3786905baca7dd31","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1812003,"id":"Q1812003"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$1DB81EB9-078F-4987-90E2-DDDB47C86076","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1ee9bc30bbdcdc66deac60560243875c99cbf091","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":875419,"id":"Q875419"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$C7ECE7EB-952C-4D10-84C0-521D6566ED03","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"12c026215d06b0ee627c401691fe28564bab3cd7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":869003,"id":"Q869003"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$3B4D5C03-EE52-4967-990C-1F4CB58DE7ED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c08757790ab85d0201b01cc86813baf7d73cfd3d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1038278,"id":"Q1038278"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$827D8E64-D41E-445B-AA3F-52911763F0C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"125962d87c5a257aa9cf3bda93dc6fbe5b2690d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":709143,"id":"Q709143"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$B445BEBE-BDF6-45C4-B5EC-A3DB06970090","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6a0487d73903184c4bb3e09c663720f294be9329","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1761960,"id":"Q1761960"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$E70AB4E1-9D61-45EB-8D6F-D98B31BC914E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3df9538a41f1656771a395ffeebcb246b0d188dd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2488912,"id":"Q2488912"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$2D94DD49-770F-4D3F-9418-936C0397F262","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ad454cb4f7d05321ce74bf4101b09658db9115b7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":632678,"id":"Q632678"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1954504$815712D1-8BE5-421A-9B3B-C771068303D9","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8d0fc377926e74eaa87270ee2ed4e910e1f38472","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3585726,"id":"Q3585726"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9ac17a3f4d97adb335799289fb18e5d68316ba9b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9614101","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1954504$908B330B-3557-4B4A-BD25-018D91C95ABB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"55205e0d2d914956a6629fbae8648a167d211789","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":959516,"id":"Q959516"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b24b4aeb93ba0609fd6ce004d99441fb7b635a4f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9342973","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1954504$A2D4198E-FB69-44C2-8056-39633C789629","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aec4408ed32b5000cd4d4b3181ea7c0f50ea7427","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2571183,"id":"Q2571183"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b0c9794865d86184272b79bf81c33842e06c2e87","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.93128896","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1954504$EB296D68-7C92-44B0-9CAE-77B0F9BE291B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"39dea895daa9beecf0852f3d0728588784126fe3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":340255,"id":"Q340255"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cb0a66646393f6919beb8e2e02ba1409f549fc50","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.92894024","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1954504$AEF6FFF0-753E-4C77-A2C9-19452789E2EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"efe560cbb75c7ed6125c896646f5fe85b96e755f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5955470,"id":"Q5955470"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ef0a1c153e393dddfb633f09c0f0f3d41756742e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9063453","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1954504$9BCD5B1C-F241-473A-BE6D-8F987305F7C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"88c3b900b78ad9792afb9f9f64352b7f19b80b22","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3133357,"id":"Q3133357"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"931b99da13578fc316687a1c95d3350419d3fd0b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9027755","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1954504$0C98C8F5-FD57-4D30-84FA-AB23DF75767E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"55900a1f967e0c49d749732f560667ab79fa9f56","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2355939,"id":"Q2355939"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2b7d971060dc8fc28938e6bc2e5f3a5cc26f96f4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90123063","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1954504$A4EE5E34-8FA2-4C05-9502-22698015CD57","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"323032bb177f1eca64545dc4cc5b2e6f2a14fa8c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5241460,"id":"Q5241460"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f2c64f0476a979e76a857acc38c9cd0cce9f8455","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.892861","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1954504$155FC77D-6F2F-4CE3-9715-354896DB18BD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bd328c6f9e3781a96c7bbb835ad58117dd76c7f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4550774,"id":"Q4550774"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"90a8b037aa4dcab30babd9ddb11b124e20b6357c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.887816","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1954504$5E8F5E51-F13D-459A-B164-D4CC6535CD6E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1954504","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1954504"}}}}}