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Specifying the causality and estimating the time delays among process variables are critically important for data-driven fault prognosis. They are not only helpful to find the root cause when a plant-wide disturbance occurs, but to reveal the evolution of an abnormal event propagating through the plant. This paper concerns with the information flow directionality and time-delay estimation problems in process industry and presents an information synchronization technique to assist fault prognosis. Time-delayed mutual information (TDMI) is used for both causality analysis and time-delay estimation. To represent causality structure of high-dimensional process variables, a time-delayed signed digraph (TD-SDG) model is developed. Then, a general fault prognosis strategy is developed based on the TD-SDG model and principle component analysis (PCA). The proposed method is applied to an air separation unit and has achieved satisfying results in predicting the frequently occurred ``nitrogen-block'' 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