{"entities":{"Q1963991":{"pageid":1974733,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1963991","lastrevid":47442103,"modified":"2026-01-01T18:35:06Z","type":"item","id":"Q1963991","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A proof of the simple connectivity at infinity of \\(\\text{Out }F_4\\)"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1398622"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$DFB23673-375B-44D9-B6D4-8299D33824BA","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"23af3af47a7cc7f7ee393f6004b8db5c9d19a869","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A proof of the simple connectivity at infinity of \\(\\text{Out }F_4\\)","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$25773C3D-7B3A-4DC7-94EE-D29476FAC786","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"36280c4b2f425c48b31c2bd821eac4cee603c51e","datavalue":{"value":"0963.20019","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$10047AEE-3557-463C-9177-945B5A1C5C65","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"3885e34e15c533f3a908c114ffda5efdb3bd1dfe","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0022-4049(98)00073-5","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$71534AFB-C452-4457-B9FA-472D2D40D581","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"34a2791b3d9645796ba9cdff19dd05bcf40f0161","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168348,"id":"Q168348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$9DA3FF90-FD28-4640-A1AE-8B17E66D1542","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"b78ba432cb77ac64be3ac5d97bd170fc19fe3117","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2000-04-10T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$062304AC-B94A-4B80-8165-FB807150F72A","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"67412d5f7a9c248f2aef558ba531fc6ae022486b","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(G\\) be a finitely presented group with a presentation \\(\\langle X;R\\rangle\\). Let \\(\\Gamma\\) denote the standard 2-complex corresponding to the given presentation and \\(\\widetilde\\Gamma\\) its universal cover. \\(\\widetilde\\Gamma\\) is called simply connected at infinity if, for any compact set \\(C\\subseteq\\widetilde\\Gamma\\), there is a compact set \\(D\\supseteq C\\) such that any loop in \\(\\widetilde\\Gamma\\setminus D\\) is homotopically trivial in \\(\\widetilde\\Gamma\\setminus C\\). It is known that this property does not depend on the presentation. Vogtmann proved that \\(\\text{Out }F_n\\) is simply connected at infinity for \\(n\\geq 5\\). The author proves that the group \\(\\text{Out }F_4\\) is simply connected in infinity, too. The author notes that recently Bestvina et al. have completely answered the question of the higher connectivity at infinity of \\(\\text{Out }F_n\\) by using a Morse theoretic approach on ``outer spaces''. The proof given by the author in the case considered looks conceptually simpler and more concrete. He uses only elementary methods of geometric group theory.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$16A3A939-D877-4A59-98DE-D588CC7F8AC3","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"639e35a4d8066ba3b320b7c5998ad4d73a0cf431","datavalue":{"value":"20F65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$34B9E09D-2E05-4BA2-BACD-7B7C31CD745B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"02e66589753ec184c7d05c645efc14f6302392b5","datavalue":{"value":"20F28","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$8C54202D-49B2-4E9D-8B0C-E7B9A1C54C7C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e44886d86b7e4edd90303c512458ec5cc0ca9f79","datavalue":{"value":"20F69","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$2F0B3798-653E-4F84-9FBC-585CA862E4D6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5608e4dbe85e8f6c220cc8afcea2a4ada066e3fa","datavalue":{"value":"20F05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$806ECA03-C650-4F80-8A25-77E489353E9F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e478659c80ac196196a2283c8b16b79c8d8cd8d5","datavalue":{"value":"20E05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$96B3C7F8-BC05-42C5-9546-BB901BF753A7","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f741e87a61c370ba2d80d7a25615f628fdbe9d63","datavalue":{"value":"1398622","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$1CD1E9ED-2869-47BE-9196-0E8FA75AE217","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d499eef6969a33f1c004d609ad9da4ccd74b9e8e","datavalue":{"value":"outer automorphism groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$20602133-7920-412A-8C06-D1EA396CEEF9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0ffb9b557bffdfa5cd70d593a7ec3f8594345072","datavalue":{"value":"free groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$1EAE7E81-83D7-44DE-8AE0-12835B993A9C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f35025ba46a9902dcfcc8c61c8c2306617b8f94e","datavalue":{"value":"2-complexes","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$03ED5387-58A7-4B78-B9A4-95546CAE764E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e8a440cba777ad740fcb3b856520b2639a13e976","datavalue":{"value":"universal covers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$4D11A4B9-95A8-4504-BDDD-F32287CB001B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ac22b5ed25aabbd824b7e9475a9e536a81a43e10","datavalue":{"value":"connectivity at infinity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$82C81310-EE89-4EA9-8A84-CA3E1CD4125B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"351b7770fc63c9957adb4113bc7d1e61db4fa221","datavalue":{"value":"infinity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$ACE30E96-BB1B-4140-833F-9A0A256FD2F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1cb45a7fad3616cfdc6377269f8a1b970b78470f","datavalue":{"value":"finitely presented groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$6CF1D5CA-1DD6-499B-BDD6-6CF015FE8C88","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"157985d10f1d7425466eb6d6a2bfdd7480714042","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":678396,"id":"Q678396"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$1C7E2223-E147-409E-A3DE-2B430E5C3C5C","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"c75e46d52756574cc2c3b6666627a330102767ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":338846,"id":"Q338846"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$B7A9E7F8-A68C-4311-B93B-73DDC4B9E606","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$6B7966A1-7EDE-46B6-925F-AF99DA246185","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"827a9097bbd3a1ddf7ee1ed71fec59dc9058521a","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4049(98)00073-5","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$82A8DD32-2484-439D-BB85-E12E8ADFDA4B","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"7b78a1f567c6db4db1f9acf5a94791d240b43375","datavalue":{"value":"W2035950715","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963991$F2644757-63EC-4F62-8FF1-BCE0BF06CC0E","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3c88838e9e46f654d06029e73c911597549dbc2f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1568213,"id":"Q1568213"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"66f267350fb559763030acd43a8394d032193d85","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8337277770042419","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963991$6CF4F10A-6D80-4677-8CF0-548D1B2AC66B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"71f4a1f9226eba1e7edc854f5873aeee88472762","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1423802,"id":"Q1423802"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fe8208594233d4c4817b36562b1795cbb9106a35","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8331036567687988","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963991$D1FE8A25-44B2-478A-AA83-31F30FC479B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f5712f228ff6823345fa72e78994c3cda2ffbc8e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1897845,"id":"Q1897845"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9a3fcf96fe74e1971774055fdc432bd0768bcc10","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8200439214706421","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963991$02864E20-D2AE-40C9-9529-AEEE591A0F3E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d2a085537a9be0c6180a19cb9f73b0d0204035d1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3588176,"id":"Q3588176"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9a3fcf96fe74e1971774055fdc432bd0768bcc10","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8200439214706421","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963991$467120CC-4C7B-4F3C-9553-A0B2F0067EC0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c6942ccac7c781bd3f340865d9133260c9e1cfac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3490183,"id":"Q3490183"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"11ca81e3075738c44f7b66d32b4803b1809f9a0b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7892720103263855","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963991$B13CB86B-C34E-4190-918E-9D0C594C475E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1963991","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1963991"}}}}}