{"entities":{"Q1963995":{"pageid":1974737,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1963995","lastrevid":82109888,"modified":"2026-05-06T20:07:35Z","type":"item","id":"Q1963995","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Free polynomial generators for the Hopf algebra \\(QSym\\) of quasisymmetric functions"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1398625"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$9D93566B-F3F6-43CD-A833-960DCF7C4C55","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"caf5a6ba3745b65465167366661188f10210f57f","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Free polynomial generators for the Hopf algebra \\(QSym\\) of quasisymmetric functions","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$64F67D37-FA14-4081-B137-0DD822209D73","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"8486b08505f4d5526318d0a023bfef00dfc50010","datavalue":{"value":"0942.16041","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$7519956C-E3E0-4584-9759-B8BF4EEE4D45","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"9a4d1c96db4d90d46a63b4ec0e647ce8322d16cd","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0022-4049(98)00066-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$04FB0D7E-6BE6-4CFD-8C95-63851AACFBB6","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ebf2478f68aebfe01f94d96f45158e2e871ae7ba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1963994,"id":"Q1963994"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$B5EFFCAC-2DC8-4D8C-94B6-A90B5D11AB36","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b38b7cfe09e88818903de16c7a2ed755eabbdfb0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":910450,"id":"Q910450"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$45395AEC-60E0-4FDB-8E17-EC49A8333498","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"34a2791b3d9645796ba9cdff19dd05bcf40f0161","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168348,"id":"Q168348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$E484B4CE-290F-4501-A065-EE2B2F1879D3","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"1e860b5f64d3c861d84ef4e070486fc2e63f2c53","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2000-08-13T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$7CE7A9EB-5967-46B6-A5A2-A7BA33BCCD30","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"8c39cf8785132057ee167332aa08a3f7a96e8672","datavalue":{"value":"A word \\(w\\) in letters from \\(\\mathbb N_+\\), the set of positive integers, is a Lyndon word if for any non-trivial factorization \\(w=xy\\), one has \\(y>w\\) in the lexicographical order on words. Let \\(Q\\text{Sym}\\) be the ring of quasisymmetric functions over the rational numbers \\(Q\\). \\textit{C. Malvenuto} and \\textit{C. Reutenauer} showed that \\(Q\\text{Sym}\\) is the free commutative polynomial algebra on the algebraically independent set of Lyndon words [J. Algebra 177, No.~3, 967--982 (1995; Zbl 0838.05100)]. See also \\textit{C. Reutenauer}'s book ``Free Lie algebras'' [Oxford: Clarendon Press (1993; Zbl 0798.17001)] for this result (Corollary 2) as well as for a discussion of \\(Q\\text{Sym}\\) (Section 9.4).   In the paper under review, the authors give a definition of a modified Lyndon word, and then show that as a commutative algebra, \\(Q\\text{Sym}\\) is freely generated over \\(\\mathbb Z\\), the integers, by the algebraically independent set of modified Lyndon words. As a corollary, \\(Q\\text{Sym}\\) is a free module over \\(\\text{Sym}\\), the algebra of symmetric functions.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$F20C8B85-DDA9-4A85-8CB8-B83ADE12A9F6","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"46d228144203299b76ed9fda9973fb3a3d18987c","datavalue":{"value":"16T05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$47473DFD-77A4-4075-A0E6-50317F3E0C35","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1896493b769a28b614ac7f426fb99ba2100e1327","datavalue":{"value":"16T30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$77875472-452F-4851-811F-AEEFE04EADF9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7c0637e7b050f6adf2c874d977065bc44a0cb21a","datavalue":{"value":"05E05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$393FA96C-754C-4748-9C91-6874ED162AC7","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"7537e2a2575d5e718224f18dce80a3eec8c81eb5","datavalue":{"value":"1398625","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$AD728D41-B13D-4A73-B385-FBEAB89A2C91","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bbb27e0c000e19c1d9f34f80a19d2373bf5f729c","datavalue":{"value":"lexicographical orders","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$E9354276-BFED-45D1-A8B0-A70969C79C7A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7e2e929d952b62286c45150e37c65c34583d045c","datavalue":{"value":"rings of quasisymmetric functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$527C50A0-8CDD-4221-9B78-CC205F62792F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"16222e6e5a01cc65846550c2925f9f3a5bc9a98f","datavalue":{"value":"free commutative polynomial algebras","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$0B2FA7AF-03A9-4FD6-9603-BC1526DCD3C8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"13dfe3d42ae5993f4fab4d68c763e62c3eccce6f","datavalue":{"value":"modified Lyndon words","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$2B2258A0-7EFB-44C4-8C9F-504672BD78F0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"35961dc8854cef01bc20dac5479ba1fcf1fa1cba","datavalue":{"value":"algebras of symmetric functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$97770DEB-2E2D-411F-A48A-81B98724DA4C","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"4124e83285f963fc5c2f908aeffe32658a3781a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590872,"id":"Q590872"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$B9DEF63E-90DD-47F8-B8D9-2B0FA7FE19B5","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$00260188-38C7-4B26-81ED-B09A4CF7328D","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"5f7a8abb0ebc0de6b08c0bc1a7a126c3c2a909dd","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4049(98)00066-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$566B8915-629F-4B98-B0A9-F22D9E11F77C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"3156159ca305b1d39550cdff22109adbdc8b4fa8","datavalue":{"value":"W1991891082","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1963995$BCB541F4-1677-47D3-99D2-004E01BA8DA7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a0e86ffa5aa57a6439207b9556a543d564d9b3df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":966459,"id":"Q966459"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dd60c720eadd2b8319434713dba514771f7acafe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89036775","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963995$6C1FB683-EB14-40AD-A940-5009FEF3F3F0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c104673be0a74e9f6110f01686369fc39d078aa5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2034080,"id":"Q2034080"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"46ffa5e1b599fdf01e519145458feb6e9c6ed71a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8892496","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963995$B1A168CB-3A48-4F8B-A8B8-88F7D73AFB7A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ef79117deb3482a3638e8fc5d4dbce103cf43884","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3012365,"id":"Q3012365"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"246a9e7e31be2e352e22687b3db226b4d57fdf94","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8816017","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963995$3CE12BB9-4E6F-46DB-AA91-8183CAE7FA3E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"38c35b800f3183ab3f2e0e81ceed7f01ab638fae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5103881,"id":"Q5103881"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"65e4d7b27e71654fcef5afab4633291370a3d945","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8805012","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963995$A098CF19-E495-4DE4-905D-7664948EC488","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f6528e107af188ad9bb9b0942f5b28caf55eb0cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5957473,"id":"Q5957473"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"48a7cede6fabaeb0fdb318d242ff25454064ca69","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8783592","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963995$3122E400-F01D-41CF-9E83-1C4136B607F2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"09d2d0548e44d06bb6809ffba85318d7084348ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5111044,"id":"Q5111044"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5b514a4bc5a290f40d3c48b6aa6a821c51f9b504","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8731939","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963995$F1866F04-5D0A-499F-BBD7-EB8DD584670B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"24e629c296505673d58c79c08d1b89a230c71a42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":607021,"id":"Q607021"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"38d6df92a7b14069a5d4d79e73fdccca838859b5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.87206835","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963995$51CD8934-DA5C-4B54-B33B-13E722BB8A23","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bf6187f9d4414e388fcf176ac047565653b3625f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2689929,"id":"Q2689929"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5c4569f92bd3c2511fe1668ff0e764dc89e379cb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8700116","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963995$AD6A7603-2241-486D-BE3A-86B17C56FEC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d02e69197d9898ff94c5dedd3b37fa1be7f1e8f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4791997,"id":"Q4791997"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c56ad088d08bbafbfc6d21acd1496d4c495d9f05","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8695295","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963995$73A188F5-BB0D-4DEE-9347-2FAF9DE2F016","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ddb9828d0715f13cbf3144314dde1952285664be","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4260050,"id":"Q4260050"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"37f9143ea4c65db8b0792e6d17cb7901ea8c0bb0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86939543","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1963995$1011A784-E841-4759-8929-A2F23BE3617A","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Free polynomial generators for the Hopf algebra \\(QSym\\) of quasisymmetric functions","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Free_polynomial_generators_for_the_Hopf_algebra_%5C(QSym%5C)_of_quasisymmetric_functions"}}}}}