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The author proves that \\(\\Phi_q(f) \\geq q^n/({e\\lceil {{log}}_qn \\rceil})\\) for any polynomial \\(f \\in {F}_q[x]\\) of degree \\(n\\geq 2\\) such that \\(f(0)\\not= 0\\). This result is comparable with previous results on the number of units in the ring \\({F}_q[x]/(f)\\) [see, e.g., \\textit{S. Gao} and \\textit{D. Panario} [Finite Fields Appl. 3, 141-150 (1997; Zbl 0922.11100)]. The case \\(f=x^n-1\\) (for some \\(n\\)) is of particular interest, because \\(\\Phi_q(x^n-1)\\) is equal to the number of elements \\(\\alpha \\in {F}_{q^n}\\) which generate a normal basis for \\({F}_{q^n}\\) over \\({F}_q\\), i.e., for which \\(\\{ \\alpha, \\alpha^q,\\dots, \\alpha^{q^{n-1}} \\}\\) is an \\({F}_q\\)-basis of \\({F}_{q^n}\\). Thus, the frequency \\(\\nu_q(n):=\\Phi_q(x^n-1)/q^n\\) of normal elements satisfies \\(\\nu_q(n) \\geq 1/(e\\lceil \\log_qn \\rceil)\\) for all \\(n,q \\geq 2\\). The author also achieves the following bound on the density of normal elements, which is asymptotically stronger: there exists a constant \\(c_1\\) such that \\(\\nu_q(n) \\geq 0.28477/\\sqrt{\\log_qn}\\) for all \\(q \\geq 2\\) and all \\(n \\geq q^{c_1}\\). Furthermore, by considering extensions of degree of the form \\(n_k:=\\text{lcm}_{d=1}^k(q^d-1)\\) the author shows that for every prime power \\(q\\) one has \\(\\nu_q(n) < 0.61910 /\\sqrt{\\log_qn}\\) for infinitely many \\(n\\). For small \\(q\\) the latter improves a bound of Gao and Panario by a constant 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