{"entities":{"Q1971638":{"pageid":1982380,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1971638","lastrevid":57647055,"modified":"2026-03-31T18:55:14Z","type":"item","id":"Q1971638","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Pseudo-holomorphic curves and the Weinstein conjecture"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1423040"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$9B989A0A-EB3E-413E-BD8C-1C0CDF93DD0D","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f2931e0230378a6ffa728553419c5e7e24cb3f04","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Pseudo-holomorphic curves and the Weinstein conjecture","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$CD3D3CFA-5620-4350-98A4-15CC3E0A886C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a23f4d60e03955398fa55a2a9dbce7fe3c7c8b6f","datavalue":{"value":"0978.53135","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$5313204F-ED85-49D5-BA3E-D3CC5F7A75EE","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"bd4eb94e68f29c7846b1f786fb9dde5bcd74abba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":254054,"id":"Q254054"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$EB80BCD8-A7FC-49BB-9A75-E91C2A2DEAF6","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7e24a5758b56ecbda7f0f561bc60bd548767b0b3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171095,"id":"Q171095"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$51138B6B-FF9B-4342-8767-AA3CAD15386C","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"6972800c8dc67b8b1bf0abd739533cab2ade0c6e","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2002-01-25T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$9DAD6BAF-28EA-46F6-AC48-3EC2FCFA9931","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"81c2ea796ee34445c01f07794e9a74324cbab991","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/dg-ga/9708006","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$E0F9DC1B-3C94-435F-8BD6-87DC8DCDC068","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"40480aa16428bd7ff4fa779fa100bd306bbc01fb","datavalue":{"value":"A (compact, orientable) hypersurface \\(S\\) in a symplectic manifold \\((M^{2n},\\omega)\\) is of ``contact type'' if there is a one-form \\(\\alpha\\) on \\(S\\) such that \\(d\\alpha = \\omega_S\\) (i.e., the restriction of \\(\\omega\\) to \\(S\\)) and \\(\\alpha(X) \\not = 0\\) for all vector fields \\(X\\) (on \\(S\\)) with \\(i_X\\omega_S = 0\\) (i.e., the characteristic line bundle \\(L_S\\)). Letting \\(\\xi = \\text{Ker}(\\alpha)\\), it can be shown that \\(d\\alpha\\) is non-degenerate on each \\(\\xi_x\\), thus reducing the structure group of \\(\\xi\\) to \\(U(n-1)\\) and providing the bundle \\(\\xi\\) with Chern classes. Also, from the non-degeneracy of \\(d\\alpha\\) on \\(\\xi\\), we have the fact that \\(\\alpha \\wedge d\\alpha^{n-1}\\) is a volume form on \\(S\\). Hence \\(S\\) is a contact manifold, whence the terminology ``contact type'' arises. The most common example of such a hypersurface is a regular energy surface of a Hamiltonian \\(H \\: (M^{2n},\\omega) \\to \\mathbb R\\); \\(S = H^{-1}(c)\\), where \\(c\\) is a regular value. Of course, this example also generates a fundamental question: do periodic orbits of the Hamiltonian system exist? In the general case, the right type of ``orbit'' is called a ``closed characteristic'' and is simply a closed curve in \\(S\\) whose tangent vector always lies in \\(L_S\\). In 1978, A. Weinstein conjectured that if \\(S\\) (with \\(H^1(S;\\mathbb R)=0\\)) is a hypersurface in \\((M,\\omega)\\) of contact type, then \\(S\\) has at least one closed characteristic. \\textit{C. Viterbo} gave a proof of the Weinstein conjecture for \\(S \\subset \\mathbb R^{2n}\\) [Ann. Inst. Henri Poincar\u00e9, Anal. Non Lin\u00e9aire 4, 337-356 (1987; Zbl 0631.58013)]. A good overview of progress may be found in \\textit{H. Hofer} and \\textit{E. Zehnder} [Symplectic Invariants and Hamiltonian Dynamics, Birkh\u00e4user Advanced Texts (1994; Zbl 0805.58003)].   In this paper, the author proves Weinstein's conjecture for (certain) \\(2\\)-dimensional Stein manifolds, for instance. The main results are that, if the ambient manifold \\(M\\) has dimension \\(4\\) and \\(b_2^+(M) > 1\\), then (with notation as above), the first Chern class, \\(c_1(\\xi)\\), of the contact bundle \\(\\xi\\) is Poincar\u00e9 dual to a finite union of closed characteristics in \\(S\\) and, if \\(S\\) bounds a submanifold \\(W\\subset M\\) such that \\(c_1(W)\\not = 0\\) and \\(\\omega\\) is exact on \\(W\\), then \\(S\\) has at least one closed characteristic. As might be expected from the condition \\(b_2^+(M) > 1\\), the proof requires ingredients from Seiberg-Witten theory [see \\textit{C. Taubes}, Math. Res. Lett. 2, 221-238 (1995; Zbl 0854.57020)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$319CD2CD-BC6C-4186-83F6-89328764DF35","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"78fe00c615e469a834a004429eb3e7b709f9792e","datavalue":{"value":"53D35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$ED8ABD1C-E648-4A0F-8DE2-EA3BE473F881","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b02d3f5ce9f6ebc17ba14d3154f9f4fdc57e2efa","datavalue":{"value":"32Q65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$CB6659A6-4822-452D-AFFB-BB805E0072EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e16087442f52decf1785e69107872c7c94e8b708","datavalue":{"value":"53D10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$DB867A27-6A5D-47B7-9FF0-FB82C19C6B06","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"04b62ff5feadcfd6e7199f5685ad55df45ef556e","datavalue":{"value":"53D45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$18107380-3312-41ED-B926-CF39882016F2","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"4ed2766c5f4ef48df1249120787492f1db94cde1","datavalue":{"value":"1423040","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$CF8DD443-081E-49BB-AB3B-3E10191B8CF9","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8fd2fe2ffe56d15f7241114f20d3aa7d80395780","datavalue":{"value":"Weinstein conjecture","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$04CB95C5-7662-4CAA-B9B2-6F06DDEE01E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"32b385005be7325d9fa7877889cf618f3dfec619","datavalue":{"value":"closed characteristics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$79ABBEBB-933A-440F-9A72-15C5B44343A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"929f588808d7359bc5fa863f4f777b82f5661303","datavalue":{"value":"Stein manifold","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$89655CFF-EC27-4F27-A9F6-2643CBE1508F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"42e14628e935abaa210702c56c990fa844bbe1df","datavalue":{"value":"first Chern class","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$2B1417D5-871A-4266-AAE0-8BE04ED1913E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fab808e7ff37c7ac2c9ad41fbe6576855caff4e9","datavalue":{"value":"Seiberg-Witten theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$9706C52F-1B7E-45A4-AE00-0E408A191EAA","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"d6b51ac303eb3bf328060c2d8a47746702c2a94f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":799973,"id":"Q799973"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$A5FA0CAB-F686-4599-A26D-38F17A3FA44F","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$18E6291A-F547-4CD3-9B1F-06EF27BDB47E","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"93c7970f4ed467a6f8361ec294ead64c5d78c2d6","datavalue":{"value":"Q123181314","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$CDC9638F-7BF2-4BE7-9DC7-7912042AE01B","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"fb734ffc94ec2b8e1e93ce3cf1c5865f8f898bef","datavalue":{"value":"W1629660957","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$B4EB3B83-A5F4-4EDF-801C-C604C23BE7FE","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"2d9eaa037234cf2be57d827c7f1f9ae511714244","datavalue":{"value":"10.4310/CAG.2000.V8.N1.A4","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1971638$599E5774-042C-4B99-8753-77CC4E93342D","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e8c178e8afac4c94a28e69333f4b5d20ef89bdb7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1094714,"id":"Q1094714"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"df4cc38158cffd0624d4409d7c67a4d6de285ff6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9177085161209106","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1971638$FF38F8C5-FB01-41EE-909D-ECD3CB944BFC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7541f59640cff1486c5bd516ac7b29979ccb2040","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":691684,"id":"Q691684"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"18f5dc89f15ec3b086a529713c6bd0f2c16e2644","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8918030261993408","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1971638$C0245A11-0D2A-4959-80E1-8B9C28BEBAC2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0ad9b488fd0e73716efa8eb192f35a6fca33a230","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1319203,"id":"Q1319203"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9913242276452e515563b8fe07039a6a92de1171","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8708423972129822","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1971638$9E850611-E63C-418A-AC57-135BFC45B9BB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"51a91364ac58bf05c97abf9057a72ac8535cfce0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3812953,"id":"Q3812953"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b3a75027a5b325de3985f578fd6c535580e0b6a8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8653774261474609","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1971638$5541C089-CC39-49F4-B7CA-5CA714364C49","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5f201abd3a710c1572231c447f49b3f395cf9329","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4839648,"id":"Q4839648"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4fb20c2d855629c0eef60b68a2a5eaa6cabc5b24","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8650195598602295","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1971638$E937BA69-1AD8-40FE-8A2A-418633D32130","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1971638","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1971638"}}}}}