{"entities":{"Q1972138":{"pageid":1982880,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1972138","lastrevid":43455017,"modified":"2025-07-26T00:32:56Z","type":"item","id":"Q1972138","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Primitivity, freeness, norm and trace"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1423738"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$F6E4D3E2-4D46-454E-8388-B5C47F325B80","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"3046ae94f874af11de024e7bf8ed2c715226839d","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Primitivity, freeness, norm and trace","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$F0E30489-68FA-49DB-8374-30531B40C475","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"2fccca823437bcb1555c62b50b2fa5e0b706638c","datavalue":{"value":"0952.11031","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$3F9E0B0F-BCF3-4418-A5F1-E54A4643B8C2","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"bc5a4bbbb33092e435cf45e4957a113ea652b29b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0012-365X(99)00224-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$0A4B1792-D6D0-4D3A-B895-7E3863A89855","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"22684f132dfc29f0762366d3b2b73f03f755ebbf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":165894,"id":"Q165894"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$B578D052-0B8F-45BA-9A9B-FFB6C9DD86B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d8f92662bfb94489d97feac35f0325a904b33aab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":186479,"id":"Q186479"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$E7AFA8D6-7196-454D-9AC9-1D9E1EE388BE","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"38665fe4ed2b835132254a58832c329597060029","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175483,"id":"Q175483"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$71A1FF7F-0EE0-4485-9B12-AE9E96E6CFD6","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"dba003e1658b17aa08cda706dce966840fdbc723","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2001-01-08T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$EAA314AC-761D-4B85-B54D-9F00DF801601","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c545e587e48211d895016ddc76eaca89e8c2c7d7","datavalue":{"value":"Consider the finite field \\(GF(q^n)\\) as a vector space over its subfield \\(GF(q)\\). A basis for this vector space of the form \\(\\{w, w^q, \\cdots, w^{q^{n-1}}\\}\\) is called a normal basis, and such an element \\(w \\in GF(q^n)\\) is called free over \\(GF(q)\\). If, in addition, \\(w\\) is a primitive element of \\(GF(q^n)\\), the resulting basis is called a primitive normal basis. In [\\textit{H. W. Lenstra jun.} and \\textit{R. J. Schoof}, Math Comput. 48, 217-231 (1987; Zbl 0615.12023)] it is proven that primitive normal bases always exist.    In the paper under review the authors prove that for any primitive element \\(b\\) of \\(GF(q)\\), there is a primitive element of \\(GF(q^n)\\) which is free over \\(GF(q)\\) and whose \\(GF(q^n)/GF(q)\\)-norm is equal to \\(b\\). Furthermore, if \\((q,n)\\not=(3,2)\\), it is shown that for any nonzero element \\(b\\) in \\(GF(q)\\), there is an element of \\(GF(q^n)\\) which is free and whose \\(GF(q^n)/GF(q)\\)-norm is \\(b\\). Finally, if \\((q,n) \\not \\in \\{(89,8), (41,8), (25,8), (17,8), (13,8), (7,8), (64,7), (4,7)\\}\\), it is shown that for any primitive element \\(b\\) of \\(GF(q)\\) and any nonzero element \\(a\\) of \\(GF(q)\\), there is a primitive element of \\(GF(q^n)\\) which is free over \\(GF(q)\\), whose \\(GF(q^n)/GF(q)\\)-norm is equal to \\(b\\), and whose \\(GF(q^n)/GF(q)\\)-trace is equal to \\(a\\). The philosophy in tackling these problems is to exploit non-counting theoretical arguments (such as links between various problems) rather than direct counting arguments using various character sums.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$7AFD66F9-F57B-4A44-978B-7E8BB1F14F39","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"157305dfd5c4a00203c592f58c4b16e8bc6d182b","datavalue":{"value":"11T30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$16A3637C-8F16-4221-929A-E3ED72301996","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"292377916051be7ed8523a9de41751734b556659","datavalue":{"value":"12E20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$E976CB07-2D4B-4A8C-B0AD-24ADC193AE4E","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"7f8bcf4853952c8e5b6ffae777ea1350f3b3e791","datavalue":{"value":"1423738","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$8F40FD55-8B30-421C-A549-C916BDDE6E07","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a3711b386902559bb22bf67091b7eca92012716a","datavalue":{"value":"finite field","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$DCFF5A2D-8E06-4585-B2FB-64F275F6DB51","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a3646ffaef5a755694d2a01f8da0e67055aebd35","datavalue":{"value":"primitive element","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$135969FD-20C3-4517-9BCC-28701D8D4596","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0bb5c3293b5e2dd9691ddff8fa0d21c6f90afaa4","datavalue":{"value":"free element","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$49008A97-F338-4233-9356-2854BC111272","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f6b3e7247c6ae8496a5ed1a7fc7ad0cdcc4084e5","datavalue":{"value":"normal basis","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$7B44E51D-425B-4B8F-B9D7-A2B00337D33C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c49916021edccb418deb9b5c9398917147892e7c","datavalue":{"value":"trace","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$406FB5C5-A823-4A88-92F1-96F0F8683223","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cb5067d4acd56954b4952d475524874708ef5ed2","datavalue":{"value":"norm","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$3F3AF1A3-7453-46D5-BC21-EBFE9D95552C","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"1f7e1a277c07b3a6d4f148b99c27222344cbe448","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":222524,"id":"Q222524"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$B04A3E73-8715-49C1-AAE8-CF3C00135BD2","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$394A8E6C-7CEA-48E4-8EC6-E3E158115D6D","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"3a7089e8137a72712d4e906e21a6cb423ace5b7f","datavalue":{"value":"Q127633934","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1972138$2A84F947-A573-4750-B2BC-1BC46B8F7A7A","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7031b86cb0aafad3c0c19744358f9659f2f84557","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4806473,"id":"Q4806473"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"46a08905a59ab626d435bee566fdbf82fab29adf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8363457","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1972138$D46842AF-0AF8-4527-A071-2E4801CD3EDA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"483c0df7aa28778508ba59bc3666b0ac271a4fae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2254530,"id":"Q2254530"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d1a565e0727d30e8241e8a2c268ddaf9778992df","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7805275","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1972138$2D548469-73B0-4FC1-9C0E-586C85DD95EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"87c541adf7c01c26526f8e891e298c83a6c51da5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1314337,"id":"Q1314337"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e4cdaf2419bffc516c56a653bd38f3a15876b610","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7803037","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1972138$8B89DFEA-C205-4E6E-8D0B-A5071D657568","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"286df8a14757253e1084637d1613565aa188bc19","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3483365,"id":"Q3483365"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7861824a65e1172a8f0fa68b91b9dbdeea6a044e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.77545667","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1972138$DD4C2270-68FD-4070-9FD6-F00A2A440D95","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5de0fe4533563c1cc971253a3182daeb1a271483","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6108907,"id":"Q6108907"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0710b88e913683167e2fe2b9f5150e8d5a867596","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.77311105","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1972138$BE90DA3A-1445-43D0-9309-FBC3A9D3A098","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cb3a295565452206963c45381102b203f9d7fe00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1621575,"id":"Q1621575"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ab95d173bc7d1c639ea5f6e46d891a3e0134b333","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7723911","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1972138$63C8935A-9F3A-423C-913C-BF145DC914E9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"47fdae40c02bfee887fab21bec03bcd21cf2a06a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4515353,"id":"Q4515353"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c4c19981e988cfe8dd65ab5c2545aa91655a730c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.77222097","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1972138$722E93A4-3D0F-4979-A2D7-99A4E5A7B967","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"918553bdab5acdf11b2252c145fd9cfcc19ab5f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3469197,"id":"Q3469197"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"be883eb39e68d7162f1e116c9fc5715da862d50d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7631409","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1972138$525739D0-9A45-44AD-B945-F3647FB76757","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6293a9854ebd17c2635ceb42b61fa7e9c972f28c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2420466,"id":"Q2420466"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bf883039823e0986d67ac4cc7c707394ccef4531","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.76307094","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1972138$A218C77F-7151-44A3-92AE-EF7205FB11EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d80efad9115573e44aa48589ef9c987af773498f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4887941,"id":"Q4887941"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c87a6605574e21ac41be8d60459dd13d5e40196d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.75676745","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1972138$BFB57813-1AD8-4687-87E9-60560FBA7FB8","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1972138","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1972138"}}}}}