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As an application, there is deduced a localized form of a theorem of \\textit{G. R. Allan} about nilpotent elements in Banach algebras [Stud. Math. 121, No. 2, 185-192 (1996; Zbl 0862.46029)], and this in turn leads to some invariant-subspace theorems. As a further application, there is proved a variant of Carleman's theorem on the unique determination of probability measures by their moments. 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