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The authors' principal result gives a comparatively modest but unconditional approach to this conjecture, by showing that there are infinitely many such \\(p\\) for which the ideal class group \\(\\text{Cl}(\\sqrt p \\,)\\) of \\({\\mathbb Q}(\\sqrt p \\,)\\) has no element of order \\(3\\). Their result is quantitative in that it shows that a positive proportion of these primes not exceeding \\(x\\) possesses the stated property.  Let \\(\\Delta\\) be a fundamental discriminant, so that it is squarefree and is either \\(\\equiv 1 \\bmod 4\\) or is \\(4\\beta\\), where \\(\\beta \\not\\equiv 1 \\bmod 4\\). Let \\(\\Delta^ -(X)\\) denote the number of negative \\(\\Delta\\) with \\(|\\Delta| \\leq X\\), and define \\(\\Delta^ +(X)\\) similarly. Let \\(h_p^ *(\\Delta)\\) denote the number of \\(p\\)th roots of unity in \\(\\text{Cl}(\\sqrt \\Delta \\,)\\), so that \\(h_p^ *(\\Delta)=p^ {r_p(\\Delta)}\\), where \\(r_p\\) is the \\(p\\)-rank of the title. Let \\({\\mathcal H}(\\Delta)= {1\\over2}\\bigl( h_3^ *(\\Delta)-1 \\bigr)\\). The authors establish an asymptotic expression for \\(\\sum_{\\Delta \\equiv 0\\bmod q}{\\mathcal H}(\\Delta)\\) when \\(q \\leq X^ {3/44}\\) and the sum is restricted to \\(\\Delta\\) in one of \\(\\Delta^ \\pm(X)\\). The exponent \\(3\\over44\\) is better than that appearing in the earlier paper of \\textit{K. Belabas} [Ann. Inst. Fourier 46, No. 4, 909--949 (1996; Zbl 0853.11088)].  As in the earlier paper, this information can be used as the input for a sifting argument. The authors now infer, for example, that there are infinitely many fundamental discriminants for which the \\(p\\)-ranks satisfy \\(r_ 2(\\Delta) \\leq 6\\) and \\(r_ 3(\\Delta) \\geq 1\\). By means of a sieve with weights the constant 6 can be replaced by 3.   (This is the same review as for Math. 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