{"entities":{"Q1976821":{"pageid":1987563,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1976821","lastrevid":43458289,"modified":"2025-07-26T01:20:26Z","type":"item","id":"Q1976821","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Fair decisions"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1443357"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$2D143BB9-4146-4D8D-AE7D-7F1812E1F15D","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"9bf17f413bf182ac08c587d3a413dbddbe047d3e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Fair decisions","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$BCBB0061-49B1-4D2C-A862-E4805EDD167E","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"8a9337eb80396a449985ba88ed4696d3e0ae6528","datavalue":{"value":"1013.91032","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$C6CBB97C-B088-4FDB-877A-A06A544E792D","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ffcd5a1a887079a0f69319730764287ae6a51879","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":170901,"id":"Q170901"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$585AAB2A-5364-4AF7-8EFF-76528878C5A1","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"255223deab9a614645300983eff9e9b445f432d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":207920,"id":"Q207920"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$2FBC3379-1CBB-44AB-9708-72A14FFAEF75","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"a38975041f86da1577e5d885ab135820354c02a8","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2003-07-06T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$47968B16-492C-42D9-89FB-299DF7565C59","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"19c6af8caccadd15ce39783abbaa247878d165cf","datavalue":{"value":"Das Problem, oft bei Kindern gesehen, faire Entscheidungen durch Fingerheben zu erzielen, wird mathematisch \u00fcbersetzt und verallgemeinert in eine ``Freunde-treffen-Entscheidungs-Situation'', in der \\(k\\) Freunde eine faire Entscheidung zwischen \\(a\\) M\u00f6glichkeiten treffen und zwar so, dass sich der \\(k\\)-te Teilnehmer gem\u00e4\u00df \\(P_k\\) f\u00fcr eine Zahl zwischen 0 und \\(n-1\\) entscheidet, sodann werden die \\(k\\) Zahlen addiert und modulo \\(a\\) ausgewertet. Dabei sind die Wahrscheinlichkeitsma\u00dfe \\(P_k\\) Verteilungen unabh\u00e4ngiger Zufallsvariablen \\(X_1,\\dots\\), und es wird nach der Verteilung von \\((X_1+ \\cdots+ X_k)\\bmod a,\\) also nach Zahlen  \\[ Q\\bigl( \\{\\alpha\\}\\bigr): =P\\bigl((X_1+ \\cdots+ X_k) \\bmod a=\\alpha \\bigr) \\]  gefragt \\((\\alpha=0, \\dots,a-1)\\).   Gel\u00f6st werden die Probleme:   Alle \\(P_k\\) sind die Gleichverteilungen auf \\(\\{0,\\dots, n-1\\}\\). F\u00fcr welche \\(k,a\\) ist dann \\(Q\\) die Gleichverteilung auf \\(\\{0,\\dots,a-1\\} \\)?   Kann \\(Q\\) auch dann die Gleichverteilung sein, wenn die \\(P_k\\) nicht gleichverteilt sind?   Es sei \\(k=2\\) und \\(P_1\\) vorgegeben. Ist es dann m\u00f6glich, ein \\(P_2\\) so zu finden, dass \\(Q\\) die Gleichverteilung ist? Sind mehrere L\u00f6sungen denkbar?   Hierbei werden zur L\u00f6sung Ideen der harmonischen Analysis genutzt. Weiter wird eine allgemeinere Situation, n\u00e4mlich das Problem der Auswahl im Fall beliebiger endlicher kommutativer und nicht-kommutativer Gruppen mit Hilfe der Fouriertransformation vollst\u00e4ndig gel\u00f6st, wobei die unterschiedlichen Ph\u00e4nomene in den Gruppentypen durch das Verhalten von komplexen Zahlen bzw. komplexen Matrizen hervorgerufen werden. Die zum Verst\u00e4ndnis ben\u00f6tigte Mathematik ist elementar, au\u00dfer Grundkenntnissen \u00fcber komplexe Zahlen und Matrizen wird nichts vorausgesetzt.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$9694009E-F3C6-4A82-972F-7EA7C5AE64C6","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"484a53c33fe728f641ff4837f23bb0a746ae21a1","datavalue":{"value":"91B06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$D94A4EFB-5C54-4ADF-9D61-BE9802556D6E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3abd516cf1ed91f6e6d0cecab4abda87285db3d3","datavalue":{"value":"60-01","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$57A51160-EF8C-4854-A9FA-E262AFB80E01","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d033eacd9a9c3d598bf2694ab5bd270d31928a0c","datavalue":{"value":"62C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$75BC5314-04BE-4C38-8DEC-86805FE1B6E2","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"d667fd5933b043e19dcfe75691c2bd49cb8f440a","datavalue":{"value":"1443357","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$7B22B3EB-F6C2-47F8-9A5E-D869B6031016","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"090c5f0152d1dd7ff9fb67a3e759c25f56de1af8","datavalue":{"value":"fair decisions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$3C39B3ED-7A48-4A1C-9D4D-1EB065166C7B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3f4331c4bdcfbebccd8c6bfc8998364ad4a36570","datavalue":{"value":"harmonic analysis","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$55686165-2DE4-4464-A0BA-153578236AD4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3743b714980622b181ea8bb50a0d75d95ef1e84a","datavalue":{"value":"finite commutative groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$872458B7-2BD4-4542-A3E5-87A4F27B5E44","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ddcc0fe1d1c93942128f326b5d090fb77a07d75a","datavalue":{"value":"finite noncommutative groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$CB4F9727-1C4D-403D-B726-C109049F9003","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"994d7c10a73037bc0ad3d751aaec1f75d12928c0","datavalue":{"value":"Fourier transform","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$AE5041CF-F9E0-45A7-AB4C-71E552EC8B36","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$639FB848-3995-49D0-8F78-8AD25DE54D3D","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"d259ea34593ee39ff2641a5873ee6b8bd5523a03","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s000170050002","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$C18D91BE-8678-4517-BA62-B647565039B4","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"cc212eb4c40b09c3e9475ca1adcf4ddc81d663b0","datavalue":{"value":"W4246892442","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$CF2D479F-8861-4AA6-B8B3-FB3D4F959AAD","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"991818938b03de7fb76968560804369e1f92b0ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3995195,"id":"Q3995195"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$4B13E3D8-6AC1-4FE8-A9BA-FE05E1759EEA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"288d2d98e141a75f47819fba601fcbb84c5e8fc6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3759602,"id":"Q3759602"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$CF9D06D3-26D5-464F-8B83-E28E3EC50F5E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"47e1e5fcb5397a5420ebc6e5724adb617e95eca9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4277826,"id":"Q4277826"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$7A3F4295-C2AE-4A13-A658-A28370E943E1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f0bd59f4008bbad0422592bf7d2cbf3ee464f183","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5723435,"id":"Q5723435"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$2133021C-A3EE-4742-866F-AFC8F552E390","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ebdc8972d6694509754b20140fdbd16c2daf5769","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3884590,"id":"Q3884590"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$39927842-7042-4E0B-8167-A0ABA5268BAE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b0bc84913a05a48cbbf6b22f645a231f6471d0a3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4730253,"id":"Q4730253"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$55CDDF00-7832-4BFD-AF4E-61810264F9DF","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"5983178bee183a937fece9ffe0a1124d76eb3cff","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S000170050002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1976821$7BAB4C73-8A56-4D24-B406-BCB76BB17AE9","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dc479ecdbb30dc84b0c659d58072bc2b60e3aaa9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3823122,"id":"Q3823122"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f0fb9ccd6a1595d485d9d2a028ebb4a975d12a28","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86737853","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1976821$39C34F1A-63C5-46C7-BD5B-0C6B64AB99C4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2f6614df86d880d846edaeea9af6917f2ad263a4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3738540,"id":"Q3738540"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"27b1cefc11ce6138a6d66676ae2af70d5d6eff08","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8673784","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1976821$D8C386E8-7C0F-46FA-AE1F-D4E2C2AC9225","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c40e603e97309e192372adffb97f2159d8d8c2fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2302377,"id":"Q2302377"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"14a295e29ef89ebf7f4d28ac5a317fe0785118ba","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8620188","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1976821$2B3368D0-D4A9-4365-A52C-D29C79059ABC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"97c6c1b85ec001a4abe32a8024a0612c7ea7c086","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3776641,"id":"Q3776641"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d0bc49ec83305b01200a0f5dcf237ab0bae5a8f2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.849818","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1976821$64CD91EF-2B97-496E-B65F-92895F5D2F24","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2b487a50001fa350033fd7b141656a73cb8e5a60","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1736958,"id":"Q1736958"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"37052801ea979c2bc178444908a233e0ee9608de","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.83649683","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1976821$41401FD9-B136-494F-B32F-43D227B1FE79","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2de4c5ddaf98ea5e78017e05504e6d982b05639a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3611757,"id":"Q3611757"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a1af10d843182d1e686f4b37885ff0547fd30746","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.83022535","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1976821$25BE744B-EE0E-4EF6-8254-844050BCD8AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bb09fa482681de1c95537840bdef72e597c3f5c5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5137907,"id":"Q5137907"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"95b7403a8fca7f1b914c1e0583b3f5eb067f7684","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8282455","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1976821$2836212E-3C1A-41E1-862B-9DECC42F4B16","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6057beaebab355db71affa3d2cc8024f43a82c59","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3026683,"id":"Q3026683"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8271d117eec8abedffcdf73453786b7a72e33d06","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8240231","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1976821$7EC41C96-200C-4EEF-BF91-40CE3BB45CA8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"321d94417ccf278b6743cf50ee548d68c3910760","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4029587,"id":"Q4029587"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c44ae5763180f1c45824469c25bd3a45f6c16731","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8239082","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1976821$2F3F138A-0EEE-4DBC-B05A-DC91A1E19F3D","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1976821","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1976821"}}}}}