{"entities":{"Q1991659":{"pageid":2002401,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1991659","lastrevid":78323441,"modified":"2026-05-06T11:19:14Z","type":"item","id":"Q1991659","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The average number of divisors of the Euler function"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6968579"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$6FCFC03A-70F7-4D01-B51F-157371EEE553","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"22090051aefe86cd995ecd5533b8bab302a7580b","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The average number of divisors of the Euler function","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$71FDAF64-A87F-402D-9716-F29E34F6B19C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"8706ba0c0cabce793ad90d04214abaf28e70ed7f","datavalue":{"value":"1456.11183","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$107BCB6D-3042-4D29-8236-DFED22E8A538","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4642c6cfc7288db152ad494fa933b597f90edd4d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":273435,"id":"Q273435"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$B7572F2C-1806-4915-B4A8-14D2B77B44D9","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"08c25da5813a64bb58b545e5a473febdb94089f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175895,"id":"Q175895"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$E4455F47-962A-443F-ACAA-128D3B329377","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"27fd87f869460ae6f756080c20fd059bca7dbd30","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$D97C6FDA-07D2-4433-AF51-54DEDDE9360A","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"c6be85384492c7b7c352cbddac777338f84dd113","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.04933","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$62BC4B10-7705-484E-BA5F-2D2019946DC7","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"0c61a64e0131e27ec732a0458b8782883045bb5e","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(\\phi(n),~\\lambda(n)\\) be the Euler function and the Carmichael \\(\\lambda\\) function of \\(n\\), respectively, and let \\(\\tau(n)\\) be the number of divisors of \\(n\\). The paper studies  the average value of \\(\\tau(\\phi(n))\\) and \\(\\tau(\\lambda(n))\\) as \\(n\\) ranges over positive integers in \\([1,x]\\). Putting  \\[ F(x)={\\text{ exp}}\\left(e^{-\\gamma/2} {\\sqrt{\\frac{\\log x}{\\log\\log x}}}\\right), \\] the main result is the paper is that  \\[ \\frac{1}{x}\\sum_{n\\le x} \\tau(\\phi(n))\\ge \\frac{1}{x}\\sum_{n\\le x}\\tau(\\lambda(n))\\ge F(x)^{2+o(1)} \\]  as \\(x\\to\\infty\\). This improves upon a result of the reviewer with \\textit{C. Pomerance} [Publ. Math. 70, No. 1--2, 125--148 (2007; Zbl 1127.11065)] who proved the above inequality with the exponent \\(1/7\\) on the right-hand side instead of \\(2\\).  It is conjectured that the correct exponent should be \\(2{\\sqrt{2}}\\) and an upper bound on the left-hand side with this exponent was proved in [loc. cit.]. In addition, the author proves that \\[ \\sum_{n\\le x} \\tau(\\lambda(n))=o\\left(\\sum_{n\\le x} \\tau(\\phi(n))\\right) \\] as \\(x\\) tends to infinity. The proofs use ingredients from [loc. cit.] combined with a version of the Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem on primes in progressions due to \\textit{D. Fiorilli} [Can. J. Math. 64, No. 5, 1019--1035 (2012; Zbl 1315.11078)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$846A47BA-FF8E-45D9-9EE9-470E7F2640A9","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"703b972b22485bef255b74098d9fff85c5de5ec5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168881,"id":"Q168881"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$D55BC840-0D1E-4F45-8DEE-AA2FA188EB8F","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ce43af76667bf5ee226f5551a40d83564ed9a3fe","datavalue":{"value":"11N37","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$786B9BED-BA90-4BB6-A6C3-672B61AEFD94","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c38d28861bca218b59c362464cef72e149984535","datavalue":{"value":"6968579","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$E8039BCF-74D6-4317-8CAA-4A017F1C4098","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ce1718e02ceaf35200e4f94cc550a915bf332d64","datavalue":{"value":"Euler function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$D417F5D6-03CE-4BFE-8ECD-760ED22E4DC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7f6be685d458d5c6355594c5c354bdb57189c689","datavalue":{"value":"Carmichael function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$6995B778-B729-4522-B7E5-208D184C1912","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"05b52ae1a96ed9cf26be0d4236ea9d77a5318c0c","datavalue":{"value":"number of divisors","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$F8E45A1E-0E7F-42FE-A09F-616E1178679B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e92fd4d985e7d6b39c1c59d9e417e5132c15762b","datavalue":{"value":"average orders","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$13DB1CBA-73E7-4A07-8B5F-940DE22B1445","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$6FF35181-7CA0-4FF7-BDBC-85AEF6E83E9D","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"031862ec96da1da9121feba825a4ca3b1be53854","datavalue":{"value":"W3103794651","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$17DDA6D6-EDC6-4077-8208-3FA96B5CB9CD","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b072c3e457d3e7ae7933225cca47aef830c633a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1073078,"id":"Q1073078"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$C199BECA-30AE-41A1-98B6-4CD37C15AF19","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"df1773640da6d78a873550a293de8321b6a0cd8d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1821814,"id":"Q1821814"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$2F120732-2DB7-4474-9DBD-AC71947B887E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0960701e4f589c09eb7ffe580b57d66b175cc168","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3165373,"id":"Q3165373"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$40C47093-F5CD-4621-97C8-D0B7474FDAC0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"81657590dd2aafbbdd829f905217d15544d42385","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3436125,"id":"Q3436125"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$AB936A71-E481-4EE7-A9C7-DD33F9936A9E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8f0d6e128847ef85d21c93288892ffbf4ee1b04f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4605533,"id":"Q4605533"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$0613E94A-9365-4B72-BF8A-4FD2EDA679B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ab0a940c5cf1228b59b987c1570ebb9fd91da186","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3423329,"id":"Q3423329"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$3B35C209-AF60-46B9-8786-E9809A905F82","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f6b8cb051080ee7b558786a817f2d8f216ee44dc","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S11139-017-9897-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1991659$6379E9D3-A89A-4B19-9A83-54E8CFE68B3E","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8f636b42d5961cefb156ddc9c81250fc5252bec6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3436125,"id":"Q3436125"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b1c54fed51a02cba68feee87134648a5f6e92783","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.98468184","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1991659$38F85C13-0223-4E52-B6BB-DD53742EEA31","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f27273074e3c20c11a074c0e3e70b8c54a7fb774","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3892327,"id":"Q3892327"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4949582f4405022e77406e0310aa81e05309ec26","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9118877","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1991659$841072BA-4D3A-4FA5-A26A-0A2D810BB42A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f42338798ac02369f3f61d344668973faa47c406","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5046904,"id":"Q5046904"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a1d2c8898167fe6972d26935368c56ee951d320d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8977495","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1991659$16ED4D15-C706-4C4B-8118-FDF1E0B3828A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b837348f91ce3f47bbd0fdff285b3a9a8196c8b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4821123,"id":"Q4821123"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"11db5595aed37ee9da32d33c7f4e1d9370ba7d73","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89674294","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1991659$69DD116B-4F0C-43FA-B592-84E5C1A7C6FB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0ab1aba38e286596206783b4ca0c2a328d78798a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4406380,"id":"Q4406380"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9df178885b158569ae466cdf0ea71cada456373f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8950403","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1991659$6051E336-82BE-4184-99CF-528E96665817","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c51588af5cc65b34f96b7ccedac818828210665c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3373639,"id":"Q3373639"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a90c742604b7efb9537255e507d1e5cbd1a82469","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8939048","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1991659$9D03B02F-A8D9-45C4-AF70-19FFDF0AB613","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"83f827422acc823bbbd4413f5aaca9acf7663546","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4857941,"id":"Q4857941"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6a213da55470d0d110b6d35ef69397055f5cab8e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88929194","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1991659$E9CF3B64-30FA-42DB-8679-F7D6115E9F19","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"715a893893429a693049968d6f87342f48fdda60","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6104922,"id":"Q6104922"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f2fe4394cdd301b80c06a692ed37cd1d924080bc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88843685","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1991659$054FEE8B-1969-43E4-B1F9-F991DC0801F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6f6a1c818f61acd9a27811be4e42a535466f1078","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3436100,"id":"Q3436100"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"949110f4fc8e9a37433e3e9a8e389d0df686c5d1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88729686","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1991659$09B14311-F63A-48A8-82CE-A279D624AF84","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6eed010d80e77d2b3a3f0fd218ea11527484a89c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2419416,"id":"Q2419416"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"977c18cf194e5b16363848e943b1b7ca46a16dae","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8865378","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1991659$2907ED1A-E701-40A3-BE81-EB56BD7010DE","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The average number of divisors of the Euler function","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/The_average_number_of_divisors_of_the_Euler_function"}}}}}