{"entities":{"Q2003771":{"pageid":2014513,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2003771","lastrevid":57661668,"modified":"2026-03-31T20:09:11Z","type":"item","id":"Q2003771","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Compact graphings"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7254979"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$28B8E0F5-0D98-482D-92D8-9575F7F5FD81","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"5baab13b9bafa0d8da171bc8df7054d4cbf6a005","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Compact graphings","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$A019408E-4EF4-452A-94C7-F62C84994C36","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"d29184403ad7233b76d3ac0d4def7e69bf3f220c","datavalue":{"value":"1463.05511","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$49FB0EEF-841A-41A1-9932-BA8EB633B0D2","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"4b942190e17083b575cb45317653fe779fdb5a77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168571,"id":"Q168571"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$187D9E50-87F9-4C8C-8FBF-071CDE086781","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"5081527b72a0ed3a06d32e1e791fb6a87f329626","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2020-10-02T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$7EF98F9B-D10B-49AF-9F0E-C7DE71BBC5A2","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a8a5f3b093a5d4897166535d4055183a9b710701","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.09573","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$531CA775-031B-42C8-8219-E60F59332533","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"2c496d373d409b11a311fee4793fd88190802b7e","datavalue":{"value":"A graphing \\(G=(I,\\mathcal{A},E,\\lambda)\\) is a graph on vertex set a standard Borel space \\((I, \\mathcal{A})\\) with \\(\\lambda\\) a probability measure on \\((I,\\mathcal{A})\\). All degrees are assumed bounded by some fixed (and suppressed) number \\(D\\). The edge set \\(E\\subseteq I\\times I\\) is a Borel set avoiding the diagonal and invariant under interchanging the coordinates which has the following additional symmetry property. Defining the edge measure of the graphing for \\(A,B\\in \\mathcal{A}\\) by \\(\\eta(A\\times B)=\\int_{A}\\text{deg}_{B}(x) d\\lambda(x)\\) and extending to Borel sets in the usual way, we have that \\(\\eta(A\\times B)=\\eta(B\\times A)\\). Graphings represent limits of certain graph sequences in a local or local-global sense, and are in a loose sense analogous to graphons, corresponding limit objects for dense graphs. \\par In the theory of graphons, an important process is \\lq purification\\rq\\, of a graphon, i.e. converting it into an essentially equivalent graphon which additionally is defined on a compact metric space. The main result of the article under review is to define a compact graphing and to show that every graphing embeds in a well-behaved way in a compact graphing. In detail, if \\(d\\) is a metric such that \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is the Borel subsets of \\((I,d)\\) we write \\((I,d,E,\\lambda)\\) in lieu of \\((I,\\mathcal{A},E,\\lambda)\\) and say that this graphing is compact if \\((I,d)\\) is a compact metric space and additionally \\(E\\) is a closed subset of \\(I\\times I\\) and for all \\(\\epsilon>0\\) and non-negative integer \\(r\\) there is \\(\\delta>0\\) such that whenever \\(x,y\\in I\\) with \\(d(x,y)<\\delta\\) there is an isomorphism \\(\\phi\\) from \\(B(x,r)\\) to \\(B(y,r)\\) with \\(\\phi(x)=y\\) and such that \\(\\max_{z\\in B(x,r)}d(z,\\phi(z))<\\epsilon\\). \\par The appropriate notion of embedding in a nice way is that of being a full subgraphing: graphing \\((I,\\mathcal{A},E,\\lambda)\\) is a full subgraphing of \\((I',\\mathcal{A}', E',\\lambda')\\) if \\(G\\) is a union of connected components of \\(G'\\), \\(I\\) is a Borel subset of \\(I'\\), \\(\\mathcal{A}=\\mathcal{A}' \\cap I\\) and \\(\\lambda '(X)=\\lambda(X\\cap I)\\) for all Borel sets \\(X\\). \\par The result is now that every graphing is a full subgraphing of a compact graphing; the proof is quite technical, but the dependence of \\(\\delta\\) on \\(\\epsilon\\) and \\(r\\) is fairly mild. The author notes that in the loosely analogous situation of graphons, there is a ``canonical'' compact graphon locally equivalent to the graphon we started from and asks is an analogous result can be proved here (the argument at present depends on the metric on the underlying set we started with).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$3B500BBE-1DF3-4EE1-B473-760F869091D5","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4dd6b8847e09c706889ad9ef05dc0040f1c9f982","datavalue":{"value":"05C80","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$730908F5-A206-4518-87E6-AE3BBC786B09","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"768e88eb8fd57b1b3642f57f6febfb158cf49c8d","datavalue":{"value":"60B10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$A17B9BCA-EAD7-40F5-A591-8B419133BFCC","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5ae0149c2785533d3932f99d268f13b4055bc54c","datavalue":{"value":"7254979","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$A032462B-4588-4A8A-9023-BD7801FB7132","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0020674b9038e6a1ec223c690847f3a9a2406222","datavalue":{"value":"graphing","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$9E4EDC3A-79DC-49B9-ADD9-A202523CA349","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0675cb7082c9e939dd5ac9c236c45a962b2b6b5e","datavalue":{"value":"graph sequence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$57389B9A-2A00-4032-A47E-4AFD24222B03","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4ec9e24d466446edd31522961fa33c39d9b5d9ef","datavalue":{"value":"compactification","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$E460133E-E99D-46C6-ADC0-22B2B11E220A","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"b0b0cea8603b4de1ffd54cda6d37d129691a25c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590772,"id":"Q590772"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$77EA63CB-3950-4566-9E74-BF6ED198B842","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$3A96B267-FB92-4ACA-AC8B-332597E8BDB1","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"1f3e4d3f703ee93f10eafb40906dad7088965a94","datavalue":{"value":"W2915736896","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$F4F23FA0-F10C-4ED5-B415-E1962CE63439","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8078c945dc936fe9c2e53691f0c1370b3fcc964e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2462018,"id":"Q2462018"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$CDF42997-D48E-45D7-A563-80B786183BFD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cf7ea3cfde2e92d54d90f927cc1303f78784101d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5236806,"id":"Q5236806"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$82304360-44E1-4189-A817-9AE373EA8E1B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dc35f91e798f5191cf92fe8c9b010bfb57db34a2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1858640,"id":"Q1858640"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$243F91BC-31B6-426C-9013-A60500EAE9BC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"89ede90b0b840de3778ee2eeffceadc65e269034","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1694692,"id":"Q1694692"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$792DD732-849B-49E3-8BDC-A522A1F0F9CD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"151dd0f9b0d6cad8d3e1d72b3207621bb3955475","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5146580,"id":"Q5146580"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$FBFA4CFB-2640-45BE-BEF5-7C2CB774DB56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"442edd8e7e7af7007b999e94530105534e734354","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2453451,"id":"Q2453451"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$564C5546-5C90-4FB8-8007-C482CB5352E1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e9fa1f5daba5a8c60531f24dba8b86c584b7a86a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1279827,"id":"Q1279827"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$80960424-3D75-44C8-92E7-F5FDF3D41568","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"541b793255a2075a6283a268b847326c4f5e912b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4899293,"id":"Q4899293"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$820D2E5F-3D99-4113-B257-870EF3130187","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b746b3671154fd92ba5de264256b48d7331caac8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":879618,"id":"Q879618"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$78FF6005-8316-4658-9397-82ACB61EC22D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"911b94f593d26d6b9e993e1def42db58dd4226cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3078210,"id":"Q3078210"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$40CDF349-DC3C-4701-B106-E5B6546011FB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"459a625c8da3713e988fcf0d25a16cf327a0c2d3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":468695,"id":"Q468695"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$D4E43D70-2EF1-4D1F-B2F6-FBCFC83439A8","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"0459666b0717fd9d13c45ca310f0bc6308b41368","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10474-019-01010-8","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$696F0E2D-983D-4D74-A4AA-9B6456F0A820","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2e71045d44c111f3067e29d89ef2088caa7f08e5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2581244,"id":"Q2581244"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b0b1655e60182df0e8f75eec8f80983b81beaeb3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9355021","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2003771$3B1A402C-8777-420E-975D-D55EF424A49D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6021aab94ad618bb23a53f0f132d4d6f84915738","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4899275,"id":"Q4899275"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fa62972234197dfc8d6fed4d253cf831fef7d9f1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.92226803","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2003771$BAD48AE8-DC41-4A0F-832B-B4EBE4E10C04","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4add515a979a02e691b3c7897444eda0b24b50a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4554799,"id":"Q4554799"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ea23b8f8222b701664da4273fa0f549d6d9ad2e2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9089712","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2003771$63BC23F3-87F5-45CD-BE17-14F2FB890C2D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"144b61e3d67c4bfd3bad36f70289b6f41a64d49c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4471358,"id":"Q4471358"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1341151e2fdef3550cee7a268963bc640871d6d0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9002892","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2003771$41E90769-B7A1-4B89-8291-3DE35C206A4E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"adcc2c0317c47104b94810b4b72fe9f62ecb01d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4381122,"id":"Q4381122"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7c21f4becca5e58a66fbac980093eebfbe2fba1c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8971088","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2003771$7BD4E97A-8A83-49AF-8B82-111E2C97FA86","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b5cb21e5c8a3b6b704b48fc2a8ef00b501b2060b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1174181,"id":"Q1174181"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"02177b33647f10d65bff61deccc50ed71b3f5d79","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8958376","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2003771$8B132A26-C20A-49E6-ADD9-3FEA1B0C4EDD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bdc67aec53a77fbcd11afb0f166845e48333f4b3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1912752,"id":"Q1912752"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dc1b4f0e17073eeabbdc46d70e0f69db0e4467b2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89127576","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2003771$938CB509-18B1-455F-AF3B-803A48E914B5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"375e748f2d24c9e41e14eb712708c10597f753cf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2816101,"id":"Q2816101"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"90ddeec830308fa0dbe752d0f09659ebb1c7e6e9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8863588","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2003771$7053B930-94BC-4A86-8264-38D7008D1671","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d94254e1b18c4536d96db118858a4f91be2c38ac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5415038,"id":"Q5415038"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a84c043b2e8ea10adb36b782a677a9a69b923ddf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88393146","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2003771$5D9ADE4D-D88C-4733-BE0A-5DBF83918D58","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"201364cbbc61e0d0a85431778d2e1c2e76306b69","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6480584,"id":"Q6480584"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2003771$636BDD0A-05D0-4DCB-B4CC-F59E97810A25","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2003771","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2003771"}}}}}