{"entities":{"Q2046686":{"pageid":2057428,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2046686","lastrevid":57705765,"modified":"2026-04-01T00:17:09Z","type":"item","id":"Q2046686","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Assessing the performance of the discrete generalised Pareto distribution in modelling non-life insurance claims"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7385429"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$E48BD15D-8616-433B-B583-83629166FD95","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"80b345df01b584a00479551796361b67a104989e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Assessing the performance of the discrete generalised Pareto distribution in modelling non-life insurance claims","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$20DB1DA5-D8BB-4645-9D11-66E89C6BF15C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"d640e7be689b7919eb5cf1d56aedcf30e5751f05","datavalue":{"value":"1471.62525","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$155B517C-9642-4CC0-A9E5-E67E41D62087","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"8f0738b4d15fb3d4fa3369343c618c51491170a5","datavalue":{"value":"10.1155/2021/5518583","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$B4C0D951-55CE-45BC-AB72-B06D544B24B7","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f0042abf209a72a49c24f033f3897a4c65ec5a60","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2046685,"id":"Q2046685"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$AB198ED2-F860-44AC-833B-AEF56CA13CD4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e0e3f5bc5caa3a43d6a5afaf2e1a5758c2bbab0f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1984151,"id":"Q1984151"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$80B59B07-4FD4-4CD4-A539-E6843794984B","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"291dfa4bea40517409b4ae31a6cee6f850f4be90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":117358,"id":"Q117358"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$CF21CA74-C435-4C98-AEA0-554C7387D40F","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"417fce2ab85600743a53d844f811e2c265575c10","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$266D0CFF-FCD0-4001-860F-74B267DCF3EA","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"7e4003a86241d7f0aa0224c01518b444474bb1f1","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.06150","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$EC1E4D8B-EBA3-40E8-A324-473AC49C8B33","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"83dd28f18844655b76ec27be91a91bc7a5aeeab8","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: The generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) offers a family of probability spaces which support threshold exceedances and is thus suitable for modelling high-end actuarial risks. Nonetheless, its distributional continuity presents a critical limitation in characterising data of discrete forms. Discretising the GPD, therefore, yields a derived distribution which accommodates the count data while maintaining the essential tail modelling properties of the GPD. In this paper, we model non-life insurance claims under the three-parameter discrete generalised Pareto (DGP) distribution. Data for the study on reported and settled claims, spanning the period 2012--2016, were obtained from the National Insurance Commission, Ghana. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) principle was adopted in fitting the DGP to yearly and aggregated data. The estimation involved two steps. First, we propose a modification to the \\(\\mu\\) and \\((\\mu + 1)\\) frequency method in the literature. The proposal provides an alternative routine for generating initial estimators for MLE, in cases of varied count intervals, as is a characteristic of the claim data under study. Second, a bootstrap algorithm is implemented to obtain standard errors of estimators of the DGP parameters. The performance of the DGP is compared to the negative binomial distribution in modelling the claim data using the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. The results show that the DGP is appropriate for modelling the count of non-life insurance claims and provides a better fit to the regulatory claim data considered.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$123FD9A8-F685-47E9-AA95-E53AFB31EAEF","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5ff603baad6e626164b90c8b8447bf06d7701153","datavalue":{"value":"62P20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$089BA8FD-77C9-4859-9592-B6379EBCE04D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4807a76026370d99cac60d5013f11a65cdab1480","datavalue":{"value":"62E15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$5D5E96DF-0153-4699-B8DB-5BE8042E5827","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1179c6cdfc1e6cfa1ccf347b858a5b5914f11cdc","datavalue":{"value":"62M10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$361375A1-8EDC-4A48-8F15-E9A6F3A0ED66","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5999e6a91afed67d0eee285e9e62ee874cf321bb","datavalue":{"value":"7385429","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$A686EF7F-D583-48B1-87AF-B61FF6CC41DA","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a75e22d83d8070051c0fa33df5a84a360e748248","datavalue":{"value":"insurance claims","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$45778575-C6C6-43A6-A5D3-E08627754720","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"15b733066c42fbbf6c4a19621da32e4383ccb23e","datavalue":{"value":"generalised Pareto distribution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$A5C5EEF1-988D-4B93-9AC4-9E68B3B2C2CD","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"e9c6576d1e6480341ad1fd58e588b26271c89944","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":30935,"id":"Q30935"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$6AC2B99B-8E72-44C8-9400-D7DB9569A47C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"b2f45492d0a9ee38c7f6f7ea29a7881599069d9b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":13519,"id":"Q13519"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$B0F1E0A5-FDF9-4ABF-A710-B1F0272FE75E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$F528851C-4BB8-403B-B82B-33B8DCC31878","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"ffe64372254f1f469e54d48eb8a9b9c54201561a","datavalue":{"value":"W3171290505","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$2255EF21-A4D4-4BB9-82E3-9ADF1E99DABF","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"016698e59e8f1339b21a70de783d5dfbce7d47c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1219651,"id":"Q1219651"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$84F1E895-C98D-437F-908B-B8F3F7BA8A59","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"15c7045fdf65c3aa0a7f4517421b22079e8eb5b1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3505342,"id":"Q3505342"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$53759C09-C330-4136-A424-C4675F107E44","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3ab1054ca91fead43afec7bd2d5e96fe810d11c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3486670,"id":"Q3486670"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$D5802DAD-1986-485D-8F47-4F4B80E9E492","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bf4ba60f561c0649ddce635b75025d141f5b4169","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4833245,"id":"Q4833245"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$45CC29F1-DF3B-4C30-95F6-6AF8CDBBAFC7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aee1d08da92f7bc524c6dc5b994e02658fbf335d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":537237,"id":"Q537237"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$F370D1FD-CCFA-4C87-9EA9-7CD8E4780BDA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ef2798ccea4ad8d2956095d947405557005062bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3345572,"id":"Q3345572"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$56690CEA-7F89-4552-B20D-F26C70711C5D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a2820167f43e53b2e590cdd22a0d3b39896e6aea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4031662,"id":"Q4031662"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$CC01CD44-CEE3-4799-8EDC-057092F30DA2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"56a5eb3de45923c48c9d762cc963e91aea8c899d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4318617,"id":"Q4318617"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$8703205C-973D-42E5-A749-93EAC91220E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"baae03472f1a5dbbe5fe382094ffdea7d3958ade","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5966880,"id":"Q5966880"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$FD411294-E17B-4634-B000-8A2C16E324C5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9a4bdd149acc55294f3e1d30e8e74747046daa3c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1247128,"id":"Q1247128"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$85BA671F-3E38-4959-97A0-D51B82739FCE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f5dd8e87393ed4ca510e420193bbc8a6a3161ec6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4367910,"id":"Q4367910"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c388e51d3df16b687e7dc6b63fbc39bce56d0c6c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8868561","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2046686$A028E7EB-AB14-4086-A6AD-BD6FD8AA5CB6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8999f6f38e90e9595e9d420bb8a19000466abc56","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3461611,"id":"Q3461611"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e0a1db210659ebf440e5b546a401b81b9cff0fc0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8735837","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2046686$26E938AB-2909-432C-8571-743588EC324F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a4abe84fdb46241355ba43997b408fe1b9397264","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4563752,"id":"Q4563752"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b03ca1e4fc9b3dcefc8795419f83c8ef25a4f7d6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8701066","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2046686$B7D53DAF-A187-4277-8401-15475FC5C815","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3b77d18ab9bfef2f9429ac962e496eb3bbc0de05","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3098443,"id":"Q3098443"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cdfa67fee112a0c88af0df8a0300c1583096bf1b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.869281","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2046686$865D5A43-3A1A-4948-A4C3-C1DBFA6F9C20","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ad50517e1333cd10c9056ef021426f0915bba301","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2178940,"id":"Q2178940"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"22c1c626d812f1f5665b57852eef2d687c0e744e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86915857","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2046686$5E0E6390-7979-4CC3-ABB7-48F3D7C373F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3fe0730f7649e241bb4b12650a2fc822c84f48a2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2369367,"id":"Q2369367"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a32728903268bd40bd31564b92f612306ba26050","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86007774","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2046686$91A76E0F-A41B-472A-8071-AB16CFCC7EF9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3d566e6eb5f109e50a11aecec7cdf826cb03e110","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":659164,"id":"Q659164"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1e840d0543efbce6d41e6f2c71385d61dccbec7f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85334164","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2046686$4DB22341-8DD1-4F1D-9AAB-FB3D056D3B22","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4a799d11c524cc4db8b6a335ae1525a32a0b6cb1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5430560,"id":"Q5430560"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"191ddb637814e3e92f6fbc18db13907276decce5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8526173","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2046686$636A2C42-B750-4D91-A5B7-A71F6778CE92","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8657001926e8256c0218a18bb25349ed2f21124d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4661656,"id":"Q4661656"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2872abd7792f9b8e7fd88b5bc3c66e56bd2417f6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8486347","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2046686$AE71EE17-C506-4F34-8ED2-45C66D1CCC1F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"02848a7dbb6acc533f77208c8195cba3a5f79cb2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5318924,"id":"Q5318924"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5105eb5a4c584531caefd3ec258d4805266fd689","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8483573","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2046686$FBCCFCDD-DFDA-43B4-A8E9-87860FD7DB1E","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2046686$35BCC2A6-8BD1-473C-8DA8-B39EBA12A362","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2046686","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2046686"}}}}}