{"entities":{"Q2050217":{"pageid":2060959,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2050217","lastrevid":54074606,"modified":"2026-01-26T05:05:09Z","type":"item","id":"Q2050217","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"New properties of the divided difference of psi and polygamma functions"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7388095"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2050217$BFD91FD3-C99B-46F1-A56C-D5915BCC1B93","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"9f0744b228b61643dc2337d548005ed087fa73e2","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"New properties of the divided difference of psi and polygamma functions","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2050217$FE8CCD87-5069-47F0-9CFB-9BBE11424BDA","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"06d0b1af8a9f25c0abe49634e034ddb5712d876a","datavalue":{"value":"1483.33002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2050217$EB202DE4-4DAD-4281-965A-A11AA2CC0CF9","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"baf502296d3f760f63380c60c7d60f4b8413dbd0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":250059,"id":"Q250059"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2050217$A5EC4B54-7FC7-4F35-87CE-B8F0CB682AA0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"821e9c10a99d801acf9feb1eb14295fe79d90443","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":357692,"id":"Q357692"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2050217$8DA43C3F-DF93-4C00-B9C9-57189A54ABBC","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"5478ede943fb911760ea7d60e42b6d499b786ce8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":259732,"id":"Q259732"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2050217$83768111-F801-464D-9209-F422E2317D8D","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"a528095c8f4b12338bec4f86ea87b7aff5bd49b4","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2050217$594068D5-26A0-4674-BDF2-D60B38567656","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"be1e42b9402cf019bc1a098818d46d022f164ddc","datavalue":{"value":"The authors define the functions \\[ \\xi_{n}(x)=\\frac{n \\phi_{n}(x)}{\\phi_{n+1}(x)}-x\\quad\\text{and}\\quad\\eta_{n}(x)=\\left[\\frac{\\phi_{n}(x)}{(n-1) !}\\right]^{-1 / n}-x \\] and study some of their properties. Here \\(-\\phi_n(x)\\) is the divided difference of the functions \\(\\psi_{n-1}(x+p)\\) and \\(\\psi_{n-1}(x+q)\\), where \\(\\psi_n=(-1)^{n-1}\\psi^{(n)}\\), and \\(\\psi^{(n)}\\) stands for the \\(n\\)th polygamma function. For example, it turns out that, under certain conditions, \\[ \\lim _{n \\rightarrow \\infty} \\xi_{n}(x)=\\min \\{p, q\\}. \\] It is also true, that \\(\\xi_n(x)\\) is a convex function on \\((-\\min \\{p, q\\},\\infty)\\) iff \\(p=q\\). Similar statement holds true, mutatis mutandis, for \\(\\eta_n(x)\\). After proving these results, the paper contains applications of them in Section 4. These applications involve, for example, sharp inequalities for above defined \\(\\phi_n(x)\\) maps. For instance, if \\(n \\in \\mathbb{N}\\), and \\(|p-q| \\gtrless 1\\), then the inequalities \\[ x+\\frac{p+q-1}{2} \\gtrless \\frac{n \\phi_{n}(x)}{\\phi_{n+1}(x)} \\gtrless \\frac{(n+1) \\phi_{n+1}(x)}{\\phi_{n+2}(x)} \\gtrless x+\\min \\{p, q\\} \\] hold for every \\(x\\in(-\\min \\{p, q\\},\\infty)\\). This yields, in the particular case when \\(p=q=0\\), an inequality for the \\(\\psi_n\\) function: \\[ x-\\frac{1}{2}<\\frac{n \\psi_{n}(x)}{\\psi_{n+1}(x)}<\\frac{(n+1) \\psi_{n+1}(x)}{\\psi_{n+2}(x)}