{"entities":{"Q2052495":{"pageid":2063237,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2052495","lastrevid":56723124,"modified":"2026-03-19T06:01:35Z","type":"item","id":"Q2052495","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Cartel formation in Cournot competition with asymmetric costs: a partition function approach"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7434013"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$99ABC901-9121-4508-8366-69AE62C8D7A0","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"bb33480abca28559a1549f3b6e58165cb0c2bb27","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Cartel formation in Cournot competition with asymmetric costs: a partition function approach","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$B0521424-E926-402F-9CA6-F35A99559D79","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"db387d4341fd3eac2a0a94614aae28f13e5e83fe","datavalue":{"value":"1478.91109","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$E205472C-E573-4771-ABF3-73AC370FEF68","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"83dda7f69c6ffd6c34cc35217b720515b26a9899","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1620941,"id":"Q1620941"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$E49640A1-6003-45D9-AB98-7EBA83E23BE4","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6589dcc6fefca0e1b5c725a60b6e53eec3d18a30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":725005,"id":"Q725005"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$8B591EDF-7889-44B7-B1A8-A0FA1BD4B303","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"e478ee1306f12b3efcf9d93fcafb155f884767e4","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$2CDFC82C-F458-4B05-8502-53393F05D5C1","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"80d8f2bdcbf31b29811d9a7c62b0a10261255cd2","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: In this paper, we use a partition function form game to analyze cartel formation among firms in Cournot competition. We assume that a firm obtains a certain cost advantage that allows it to produce goods at a lower unit cost. We show that if the level of the cost advantage is ``moderate'', then the firm with the cost advantage leads the cartel formation among the firms. Moreover, if the cost advantage is relatively high, then the formed cartel can also be stable in the sense of the core of a partition function form game. We also show that if the technology for the low-cost production can be copied, then the cost advantage may prevent a cartel from splitting.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$8B081F2D-1398-4107-BF20-11B3C80525D0","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f7629968a6ebb41d4236586e82fbb2dc918f5eed","datavalue":{"value":"91B54","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$7FFD3245-ADC0-463A-B039-8E4F1A47B54D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d5c83f057600e5614b7fec59c8e4ac61cb41ba8d","datavalue":{"value":"91A80","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$1BE7D53B-39A7-4C26-A94C-E1176C075BEB","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e7583d42105347b2214bcf58f0642ceb859f341c","datavalue":{"value":"7434013","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$3A3898E5-FCA3-4556-88B2-F9FA1A93C25A","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e9824c71f324ddeb3aba3d0cf4863d6a1848523c","datavalue":{"value":"cartel formation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$EC473B4B-16FA-4AE7-BEE6-6D953613A7FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"89015ae9414a3e75150c3921e5732b909ef3dcbd","datavalue":{"value":"Cournot competition","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$AF6565CE-F1FE-4BF9-AC80-95FAD1CD2617","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2d9f2fff7c2ebb4fc7de0cd88c7c75e4ef5417ee","datavalue":{"value":"partition function form game","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$49C90CAE-A69F-461E-9B6F-F9276FFD35B7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"34b44e7b40021effdee26093512bde7058814281","datavalue":{"value":"stability","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$031D257E-85EF-4082-BFD1-B39315657A7C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$69F3936F-80FC-4A5C-BFFB-85897F3D6F2E","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"1178f004ad8499dd85696f4dc9fad4621565d082","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g12010014","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$E05DCCD4-096D-492C-9281-643C9C1235D1","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"70b56049edb2da2f311214a5f8a3328ed015b44f","datavalue":{"value":"W3127886909","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$3C2FE604-C90B-4EB8-9A3A-854AE15A5948","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9e5d75d438a55f60cfec7453daabd86253553004","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1393354,"id":"Q1393354"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$8DE2425E-BAE2-450D-9043-36F4CFD3672B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d4cc343a8641e91c1bda393f0221103bc026b578","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":956587,"id":"Q956587"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$721CCC06-9938-4171-8E74-2B986FEB1083","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8c9e8ab9f81aa01c6d4170575d686a3dca0ceb3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1288244,"id":"Q1288244"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$79E0DB2F-09FA-412E-898F-A860BC8410DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f559a766cb99dddbf60878afb9712f607c12ee3d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1369074,"id":"Q1369074"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$12032B02-61AD-44C7-9D03-BBE2859A740D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"02371933be2d7584b1794bc1824dc47d5bb3756a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1677247,"id":"Q1677247"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$A1D52319-BD5C-4694-B04B-7A52F37388A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"30718b9ef5823bb600f64e312d22f81bf16ca4c6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1742141,"id":"Q1742141"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$CFADF444-E463-4B02-97D1-A5E065362E40","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c4091a067634398e369a1c8bb5c86fcf73e2afde","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2345228,"id":"Q2345228"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$036A241F-FF45-4B8D-B289-1C4A0993005F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"00bb05023e44f50a46951878b055213a5a61f80e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":995676,"id":"Q995676"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$47197680-53B5-437D-A709-AEB4EA1A39E5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f204b60ada7c8cbba0aca37dd7fa309d2a641f9a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1999402,"id":"Q1999402"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$BB202BFE-114D-4606-8D37-AD6052012C9A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"199d7da5515e8441627df2a53108fef7a3573ddd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3037185,"id":"Q3037185"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$F025217A-5796-4CA9-89B9-346DB0C03981","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"820ecf9b9ecfa0b0589bed34aaf4b5f78e302b19","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1753968,"id":"Q1753968"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$7B88DF1D-20B4-4F94-83C9-AAB8D16962EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1722219d13a372d5c8c93dfe03c5fefff8fb45fb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1196628,"id":"Q1196628"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$51ADA929-19B6-4AAA-B6B1-2AA9ECDDCA0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"780ee314ff13901aed45af0775d7a915bfc9dca2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2178641,"id":"Q2178641"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$10B6959D-3BB5-4948-A579-995D5EC1BD9D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3961e7d1ea47d29042acf09ff0f78398859f5c9b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2296028,"id":"Q2296028"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$7B4C011E-2CFF-4D42-8677-8187F424D766","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"42ce1d629c47155a392faac85f4006cb4342937a","datavalue":{"value":"10.3390/G12010014","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$BBE704F1-C3F7-4833-A179-1CAD496DB0CD","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"46dd67a80c63b243692912fd75d6bb42a1d18d54","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1934575,"id":"Q1934575"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fd808bf3e36c705dcf8bc2c50030d6682d4080e0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7614083886146545","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2052495$D91DB7D4-6EF4-4AF2-A418-38EA231351C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f7296912a9e6bde0bfe5a47e45f22d93806859a9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3035084,"id":"Q3035084"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d7a0b9ae6293ddb58d273c053e440a0a2d891b3b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.752398669719696","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2052495$1492054C-5430-4A09-A36B-EB4A89CF0238","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"75ee8f11336d5d7c4b10565c9deebce2f005d2ac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4552713,"id":"Q4552713"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"13dcfe6c2bb491e08b41ee0c5695380d3d04efc6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7513983845710754","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2052495$4D5953FF-582A-41C7-B3BF-231400546888","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bf524b4f7a3496ed7fdf17127ea9494501586cf6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":956587,"id":"Q956587"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7d4ab40fd496cbd222ac554a9f1d4de7745ddbe6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7498371005058289","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2052495$82B2D3C2-EA93-4CB9-8380-D6CD1C1D5626","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"21fe8a661139d919839f56df7b5b8d6948f7249a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3722209,"id":"Q3722209"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"80362af53d71bb6e15a76e57ca8cedb358437266","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7481162548065186","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2052495$F6ABC9D9-79E9-4D76-B88F-E3800A3E150A","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2052495$91C37295-85F7-40E0-89D2-7F9FCF898D16","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2052495","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2052495"}}}}}