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Consider the equation (1) with polynomial coefficients \\(P(x) = \\sum_{j=1}^n p_j x^j \\in \\mathbb{C}[x]_{\\leq n}\\) and \\(Q(x) = \\sum_{j=1}^{2n} q_j x^j \\in \\mathbb{C}[x]_{\\leq 2n}\\), and the corresponding parameter space \\[ \\mathbb{P}_{2n} = (\\mathbb{C}[x]_{\\leq n} \\times \\mathbb{C}[x]_{\\leq 2n}) - \\{p_n^2 - q_{2n} = 0\\}. \\] The purpose of this paper is to describe algebraically the spectral set \\(\\mathbb{L}_{2n} \\subseteq \\mathbb{P}_{2n}\\) so that the set of equations in the family (1) admits a Liouvillian solution.  By means of Kovacic's algorithm and asymptotic iteration method, the authors found a degree independent algebraic description of the spectral set. To this end, the authors introduced a polynomial-hyperexponential function of polynomial degree \\(d\\) and exponential degree \\(k\\) of the form \\[ u(x) = P_d(x) e^{\\int A_k(x) d x}, \\] with \\(P_d(x)\\) and \\(A_k(x)\\) polynomials of degree \\(d\\) and \\(k\\), respectively. The spectral subvariety \\(\\mathbb{L}_{2n, d}\\) is the subset of \\(\\mathbb{L}_{2n}\\) corresponding to equations in the family (1) having a polynomial-hyperexponential solution of polynomial degree \\(d\\). The main theorem in this study shows that any compact subset of \\(\\mathbb{P}_{2n}\\) intersects only a finite number of algebraic varieties of the family \\(\\mathbb{L}_{2n, d}\\), \\(d\\in \\mathbb{N}\\), and \\[ \\mathbb{L}_{2n} = \\bigcup_{d=0}^\\infty \\mathbb{L}_{2n, d}. \\] Hence, \\(\\mathbb{L}_{2n}\\) is a singular analytic submanifold of \\(\\mathbb{P}_{2n}\\) consisting in the enumerable union of pairwise disjoint algebraic varieties of codimension \\(\\leq n\\) in \\(\\mathbb{P}_{2n}\\).  As an application, the authors consider the Schr\u00f6dinger equation \\[ \\psi'' = (\\lambda - U(x))\\psi \\] with a polynomial potential \\(U(x)\\). The algebraic description of the spectral set allow the authors to bound the number of eigenvalues for algebraically quasi-solvable potentials in the above Schr\u00f6dinger 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