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Heckmann}, Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 298, 215--232 (2013; Zbl 1334.68127), Lemma 3.1]: Let \\((X,\\tau)\\) be a topological space and let \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) be an irreducible subset of the space of all nonempty compact subsets of \\(X\\) endowed with the upper Vietoris topology. Any closed set \\(C\\subseteq X\\) that meets all members of \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) contains an irreducible closed subset that still meets all members of \\(\\mathcal{A}\\).  \\item[2.] The \\(\\sqsubseteq\\)-directed version of the topological Rudin lemma [\\textit{R. Heckmann}, Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 298, 215--232 (2013; Zbl 1334.68127), Corollary 3.2]: Let \\((X,\\tau)\\) be a topological space and let \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) be a \\(\\sqsubseteq\\)-directed family of nonempty compact subsets of \\(X\\). Any closed set \\(C\\subseteq X\\) that meets all members of \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) contains an irreducible closed subset that still meets all members of \\(\\mathcal{A}\\).  \\item[3.] The irreducible cutset principle [\\textit{M. Ern\u00e9}, ``Sober spaces, well-filtration and compactness principle'', Preprint, Proposition 3]: Let \\((X,\\tau)\\) be a topological space. For every filtered collection \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) of nonempty compact saturated subsets of \\(X\\), there is an irreducible (closed) subset \\(A\\) meeting all members of \\(\\mathcal{A}\\).  \\item[4.] Order-theoretic Rudin lemma [\\textit{R. Heckmann}, Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 298, 215--232 (2013; Zbl 1334.68127), Lemma 3.4]: Let \\(P\\) be a preorder and let \\(\\mathcal{F}\\) be a \\(\\sqsubseteq\\)-directed family of finitary upper sets of \\(P\\). Any lower set \\(L\\) that meets all members of \\(\\mathcal{F}\\) has a directed lower subset \\(A\\) that still meets all members of \\(\\mathcal{F}\\).  \\item[5.] Rudin's lemma [\\textit{A. Jung}, Cartesian closed categories of domains. Darmstadt: Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (1988; Zbl 0663.18004), Theorem 4.11]: If \\(\\{F_{i}:i\\in I\\}\\) is a \\(\\sqsubseteq\\)-directed family of nonempty finite sets in a poset \\(P\\), then there is a directed set \\(A\\subseteq\\bigcup_{i\\in I}F_{i}\\) that meets all \\(F_{i}\\). \\end{itemize}  It follows that Rudin's lemma is not provable in \\(\\mathbf{ZF}\\) and is strictly weaker than \\(\\mathbf{AC}\\) in \\(\\mathbf{ZF}\\); the standard reference-model of \\(\\mathbf{ZF}\\) in which \\(\\mathbf{PIT}\\) is true but \\(\\mathbf{AC}\\) is false is the basic Cohen model -- see model \\(\\mathcal{M}1\\) of \\textit{P. Howard} and \\textit{J. E. Rubin} [Consequences of the axiom of choice. 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