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In Section 2, some notions and results are recalled. The spectral type of an equilibrium point is defined. Some results for systems with one and two degrees of freedom are presented.  In Section 3, the conditions which imply a change of spectral type are discussed. The results of the previous section are generalized to any dimension. Different types of bifurcations are described.  In Section 4, the cases of 3 and 4 degrees of freedom are detailed.  In Section 5, some non-genericity cases are pointed out. These issues are not analyzed in this paper.  In Section 6, some applications are considered. The first example concerns the unrestricted 3-body problem. 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