{"entities":{"Q2131409":{"pageid":2142152,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2131409","lastrevid":43580029,"modified":"2025-10-27T16:05:54Z","type":"item","id":"Q2131409","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7514313"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$7E4A45E0-B5EE-4E5C-90BD-DD525D30ED94","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"9b399291b5fd07b2f75b13113eb43796c4096c72","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$B77C17CA-7604-4AFD-A663-5F4BCFC825DA","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"b6cf9f14bc4b3c39836196ff4e223c367e371ed0","datavalue":{"value":"1490.11072","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$07BC1B12-BA2F-4AE9-853A-53481BF74C6D","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"b5f1f0f8eb5d20bb754998bc8dfb9913c722e76e","datavalue":{"value":"10.3103/S0027132221060073","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$8A82C120-950F-454D-B769-38588EC9C0CB","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6c13805eb53dbd00bf0343bc22d19b4be9e16872","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":187667,"id":"Q187667"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$FE0C4807-ED9E-4902-A5A5-760C471A76F2","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"45ac4c9f7d9a40d61b5a21997b7223bc5f1c7932","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$F28110A5-9543-4235-9995-02A4B4787F94","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"cc3e2251b6eb3ecec98170f18d783fe28d37a315","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(\\tau\\), \\(N\\), \\(\\nu\\) and \\(m\\) be a positive numbers, let \\(K\\) be a finite extension of rational numbers of order \\(\\nu\\) and let \\(\\sigma(t)\\) be a function determined for all positive values of \\(t\\) monotonously increasing beginning from some point, and unbounded such that \\(\\lim_{t\\to\\infty} \\frac {\\sigma(t+1)}{\\sigma(t)}=1\\). Assume that \\(\\overline\\omega =(\\omega_1,\\dots ,\\omega_m)\\in\\mathbb C^m\\setminus \\{ 0\\}\\) and \\(L_N(\\overline x)\\) is a sequence of linear forms with integer coefficients from the field \\(K\\) satisfying the conditions \\(\\ln\\overline{\\mid L_N\\mid}\\leq \\sigma(N)\\) for all \\(N>N_0\\) and \\(\\lim_{N\\to\\infty} \\frac {\\ln\\mid L_N(\\overline\\omega\\mid}{ \\sigma(N)}=-\\tau\\). Then the author proves that among the numbers \\(\\omega_1,\\dots ,\\omega_m\\) there are at least \\(\\frac \\tau\\nu\\) numbers linearly independent over \\(K\\). The proof is in the spirit of \\textit{T. Rivoal} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, S\u00e9r. I, Math. 331, No. 4, 267--270 (2000; Zbl 0973.11072)].  As a consequence we obtain Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem that if \\(n\\) is positive integer and \\(\\alpha_1,\\dots ,\\alpha_n\\) are different algebraic numbers then \\(e^{\\alpha_1},\\dots ,e^{\\alpha_n}\\) are linearly independent over the algebraic numbers.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$71D1180E-2862-4C2F-813A-5C8B9A777A33","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a4e087a0c464b17326138e45178f7b28f7d5d64a","datavalue":{"value":"11J85","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$964E682C-5CE6-4E5C-B706-CD1F7BDF0556","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0c4d8defd21b53e7641f92a39f901060616e4cc6","datavalue":{"value":"11J72","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$D4FE4D7F-EE08-4A50-8B6D-06FB15516315","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"b8f41f35662fc590ad7528e6af79c25a992e7634","datavalue":{"value":"7514313","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$28272CA1-6C0C-459D-A3D3-1E7D6AFA804C","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8698fa2a36bfed7867a9d6e4aeda6f3937a78389","datavalue":{"value":"algebraic independence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$4DB77D71-D46C-474C-87AC-B6D98ADB49F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"96ec7ccf4a95c12fa434855a0377e128ab4ece38","datavalue":{"value":"criterion of linear independence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$9C08CF6E-B514-4B03-9CAB-07A316E0E5F8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d70d7d42b7b8136dec561d70e6271f428863a4d2","datavalue":{"value":"saddle point method","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$A083AAA1-3E2D-4A63-AAF0-41E4AF21B37C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5cadc44a57f3163b00ef545ce8b0a09ba322399f","datavalue":{"value":"exponential function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$30ED2254-C931-4462-9F4C-2C4D7929B8CC","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e67bb2347df9ef48fd8e89b0bb893076e5c58606","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":558147,"id":"Q558147"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$D4407AD8-459C-4D1E-BCAC-F34BA375AEA8","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"bbf897c4d5e88b95b0b5d4c766915cce8489a194","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":255136,"id":"Q255136"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$82CAD102-790E-4935-AE70-A6B76512832D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$10F07229-503A-4E01-96FC-509CFE5EFCD8","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"da480775691f52e5e0d2cf772f39b47e788ab57a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1290788,"id":"Q1290788"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$3C375C81-C695-407C-A906-6EDE822829AE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d0098e25195c19555898f7bb510c09f9c82da6c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4513017,"id":"Q4513017"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$472BC8BD-B633-4C77-BC54-2190CA62B68F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"925cd8753a285ff75720e94d6e4ca05d0a5ce518","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4483366,"id":"Q4483366"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$3D6D6C0A-36E8-4DD6-8274-E77CD4648EF5","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a454788f87a0640a54c2f0741579c9e0d7e61594","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0027132221060073","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$05129504-5831-4216-AB32-5CF7A08E68A4","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d17d02a30c6af9cfa46961fc142355c92ee7c91b","datavalue":{"value":"W4226209470","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2131409$8201BEDF-6874-47C4-A71E-85F6DCC03F2B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"10e6e7d597c66c1922035e9b14b4506c9b94fe2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1382567,"id":"Q1382567"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4e907e46634ce6cc020e3b2341df64b019d65b3e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8049669","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2131409$BAE3936A-FC9A-4FCE-8935-64738A5A7971","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2fe137a0408adc3983e927611ecd024d476266fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3982586,"id":"Q3982586"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4f74d9a2e9b32b0c3db80714ce4dadcdbd1aeaf8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74666953","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2131409$1743FD57-9669-4E72-9F71-78C95B62380F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f58231d4573eebe5e448e7e6ff337e67632f041f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1293689,"id":"Q1293689"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"05d948823cadffe247bb309d167214a9c45dcc26","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.73413616","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2131409$BC0B2A57-E624-410E-AC97-D9D7A8573BC2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bb4b9c87208e2bdbe5b60a734645112bbb5b1c94","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3331283,"id":"Q3331283"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f06c300877e9377c45dd0990bf63c1ff5982eab1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72483706","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2131409$0ED7FAB6-A9E9-4DFA-9163-6EA529DAC4FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9ea8d6ce817db0fe010f3e99cae9aacb011d6b4a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1773445,"id":"Q1773445"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ce0f1f44b166f3bfd07a6c47e8b5ea69bdbf12d6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72481936","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2131409$83068B85-9A17-4BDE-BE55-9C83923B106D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"648e37b83454b68a016e0927118d25467104578d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1065851,"id":"Q1065851"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"08f03a953e49b978c961f8b36637d4e0de8b632a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7242713","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2131409$E0C2A74D-0F6A-4C6D-82C8-D2CFF1FA2A59","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"52bab6bedc0888b83a4b3d4c84e4c73f64f1a24a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4025978,"id":"Q4025978"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"efb00e8fdfcd6557644a81364f4808c0ccf34d63","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7237321","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2131409$B16A3B21-7119-4713-9D20-3EA869124492","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"46bdb324d2905c8bb6d354a93c49c374f5e7d2ff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4314616,"id":"Q4314616"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"074a7a44f65bf170c300879850650a6a86ba4902","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72255296","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2131409$AB5B048C-1203-4F9E-A45E-ED3159C63664","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"066678726d15d1f1437545b76284fd5dd62802fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":884535,"id":"Q884535"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4fb4a92176ed462546c70e3b8aa654090f715be0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7209612","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2131409$6CD4CC46-8E76-433E-8BBC-9FC2B6E99BF6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a528bdb413d6166b5cb68360f6216d3320ce7798","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4397618,"id":"Q4397618"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1324be7390cf5fb7243dde7ec4c322f9a41aca43","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7198237","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2131409$D8059E02-7A7F-486C-BAF0-D16AA82141DB","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2131409","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2131409"}}}}}