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One has the natural notion of a homomorphism (resp. a \\(k\\)-isomorphism/\\(F\\)-isomorphism (for any field extension \\(F/k\\))) between two polarized abelian varieties. Let \\(K\\) be a Galois extension of \\(k\\), a pair \\((X',\\lambda')\\) is called a (\\(K/k\\))-twist of \\((X,\\lambda)\\) if \\((X',\\lambda')\\) is a polarized abelian variety over \\(k\\), and there exists a \\(K\\)-isomorphism between the base extension of polarized abelian varieties \\((X'_K,\\lambda'_K)\\) and \\((X_K,\\lambda_K)\\). One standard fact, which the authors give a detailed proof in the paper, says that the set of \\(k\\)-isomorphism classes of \\((K/k)\\)-twists of \\((X,\\lambda)\\) over \\(k\\) is one to one correspondence to \\(H^1(K/k,\\mathrm{ Aut}_K(X_K,\\lambda_K))\\). The first main result is on the counting problem on such a set. The authors introduce the degree of a \\((\\overline{k}/k)\\)-twist \\((X',\\lambda')\\) of \\((X,\\lambda)\\), which is defined as the degree of the minimal defining field of the corresponding \\(\\overline{k}\\)-isomorphism between \\((X',\\lambda')\\) and \\((X,\\lambda)\\). Then they get the following theorem: let \\((X,\\lambda)\\) be an absolutely simple polarized abelian variety of odd prime dimension \\(g\\) over a finite field with characteristic \\(\\geq 5\\), then the authors can determine explicitly the number of \\((\\overline{k}/k)\\)-twists of \\((X,\\lambda)\\) of degree \\(d\\) in terms of the eigenvalues of the Frobenius on \\(\\mathrm{Aut}_{\\overline{k}}(X_{\\overline{k}},\\lambda_{\\overline{k}})\\). The main ingredient for the proof is the above interpretation in terms of Galois cohomology group, and its behavior under the inflation-restriction sequence. Also, the cyclicity of \\(\\mathrm{Aut}_{\\overline{k}}(X_{\\overline{k}},\\lambda_{\\overline{k}})\\) and the M\u00f6bius inversion formula play roles in the arguments.  The second result of the paper is an explicit list of possible number of \\((\\overline{k}/k)\\)-twists of a simple abelian surface \\((X,\\lambda)\\) over a finite field \\(k\\) with characteristic \\(p\\equiv 41,89\\mod 120\\) and \\(\\mathrm{Aut}_k(X,\\lambda)=\\mathrm{Dic}_{12}\\). Here, Dic\\(_{12}\\) is the dicyclic group of order \\(12\\). An important notion using in the proof is the realizable maximally in the isogeny class of \\(X\\). Also, some explicit calculations using Honda-Tate theory and the interpretation using the Galois cohomology and Frobenius conjugacy classes play roles in the 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