{"entities":{"Q2174205":{"pageid":2184948,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2174205","lastrevid":57757011,"modified":"2026-04-02T09:39:58Z","type":"item","id":"Q2174205","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Lineability and spaceability: a new approach"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7190874"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2174205$5F91FFE5-AC47-45AF-9729-EBA52FEA0FE0","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f032d1a4b9ba9974568ea2154cf29b6089e252c8","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Lineability and spaceability: a new approach","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2174205$A60A6A03-2753-439A-BFC6-1D391F446746","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"6192420a12bd3292cc4a85f4239318ade7486bb4","datavalue":{"value":"1443.15002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2174205$6DB80245-3FD8-4D06-9088-BF2036A85459","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"85e58a20771399a562657d3da1421c1c86c848b5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2174204,"id":"Q2174204"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2174205$74EAF252-6AA0-4367-9861-D6AF1E463420","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"12856a22d8f69bf4b8deb2b49a556337380155e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":616621,"id":"Q616621"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2174205$7A61D856-824B-477E-8A21-01A090809068","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"fb435f1ca87858bec8531f94c42bce29efa05bb9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":704951,"id":"Q704951"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2174205$EFC98D97-5F57-40D0-9DB6-21EE4F5780E3","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"4b59a04b859832c0d28b1221b7c87d27202b70c5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":272171,"id":"Q272171"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2174205$C1069A71-A333-48BF-9D48-E6DFDFA6E071","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"17bef57f2c610a5f39d28616a761795ad9fff698","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2174205$037EDD04-5A5F-4B04-958E-DEE684A16B60","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"8ac1e54a931eb31b5e444d0ddababa933d0293fd","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.02132","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2174205$80148A3D-A7AB-478B-AFBC-47D381964B54","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"f313f9654f596824020dc42968f9b07b07ebbc63","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(E\\) be a vector space and \\(\\alpha\\) a cardinal number. A subset \\(A\\) of \\(E\\) is called \\(\\alpha\\)-lineable if \\(A\\cup \\{0\\}\\) contains an \\(\\alpha\\)-dimensional linear subspace of \\(E\\). When \\(E\\) is a topological vector space, then \\(A\\) is called \\(\\alpha\\)-spaceable if \\(A\\cup \\{0\\}\\) contains a closed \\(\\alpha\\)-dimensional subspace of \\(E\\). Let now the considered vector spaces be over the field of all real or complex numbers. Let \\(\\mathrm{card}(X)\\) denote the cardinality of a set \\(X\\), let \\(\\mathfrak{c}=\\mathrm{card}(\\mathbb{R})\\), and \\(\\aleph _{0}=\\mathrm{card}(\\mathbb{N})\\). The authors first introduce the following concepts that are more restrictive than lineability and spaceability. Let \\(\\alpha \\), \\(\\beta \\), \\(\\gamma \\) be cardinal numbers, where \\(\\alpha <\\beta \\leq \\gamma \\), and let \\(V\\) be a vector space with \\(\\dim V=\\gamma \\). A set \\(A\\subset V\\) is: (i) \\((\\alpha ,\\beta )\\)-lineable if it is \\(\\alpha\\)-lineable, and for every subspace \\(W_{\\alpha }\\subset V\\) with \\(W_{\\alpha }\\subset A\\cup \\{0\\}\\) and \\(\\dim W_{\\alpha }=\\alpha \\), there is a subspace \\(W_{\\beta }\\subset V\\) with \\(\\dim W_{\\beta }=\\beta \\) and \\(W_{\\alpha }\\subset W_{\\beta }\\subset A\\cup \\{0\\}\\). (ii) \\((\\alpha ,\\beta )\\)-spaceable if it is \\(\\alpha \\)-lineable, and for every subspace \\(W_{\\alpha }\\subset V\\) with \\(W_{\\alpha }\\subset A\\cup \\{0\\}\\) and \\(\\dim W_{\\alpha }=\\alpha \\), there is a closed subspace \\(W_{\\beta }\\subset V\\) with \\(\\dim W_{\\beta }=\\beta \\) and \\(W_{\\alpha }\\subset W_{\\beta }\\subset A\\cup \\{0\\}\\). For cardinal numbers \\(\\alpha_{1}\\), \\(\\alpha_{2}\\) where \\(\\alpha _{1}<\\alpha_{2}\\), authors next present two examples to show that in general \\((\\alpha_{1},\\beta)\\)-lineability does not imply \\((\\alpha_{2},\\beta)\\)-lineability and vice versa. As usual, let \\(\\ell _{p}\\), \\(p>0\\), denote the Banach space of sequences \\(\\left( x_{j}\\right) _{j=1}^{\\infty }\\) such that \\(\\left\\Vert \\left( x_{j}\\right)_{j=1}^{\\infty }\\right\\Vert _{p}=\\left( \\sum_{j=1}^{\\infty }\\left\\vert x_{j}\\right\\vert ^{p}\\right) ^{1/p}<\\infty \\). The authors develop a technique to characterize the \\((\\alpha ,\\mathfrak{c})\\)-spaceability of \\(\\ell_{p}\\backslash \\bigcup _{00\\) the set \\(\\ell _{p}\\backslash \\bigcup _{0