{"entities":{"Q2181694":{"pageid":2192437,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2181694","lastrevid":73355553,"modified":"2026-04-14T15:34:07Z","type":"item","id":"Q2181694","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Primitivoids and inversions of plane curves"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7202200"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$F0AD794D-269A-4B89-A996-58700DBE3A7F","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"b0e17f03e0e30075509f01350a778a0981d04b3d","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Primitivoids and inversions of plane curves","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$98122607-82ED-4FE7-8F9C-67E472E3ACF7","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"3317bc19b18529a7c6d5cbe55713279f956d320a","datavalue":{"value":"1459.53005","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$1CB2A066-DC9E-4AB5-B5A0-482F171810F8","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7fc87411ae459b83c3de96b14effe5e19501feaa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":390833,"id":"Q390833"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$98CA91EB-8A49-4795-82A3-81770BE189AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c54bf3923f416757cbd238b905458d8ffdf38b8b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":243878,"id":"Q243878"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$F313F66B-535C-4572-AD4E-12A7C6C740C2","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"fcf622d4faaaf9eb501926768589cf6bc6e37689","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":213743,"id":"Q213743"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$AF9639D9-B24F-4ECC-8928-56F0635D02EC","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"ccd9a67dfcea56ad030bda1886b978cf596490c0","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$2261A91E-D352-4EF9-94C2-41AE49DECCB3","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"7e5055c453cc4bdd70427680f2ccfae203092876","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.04728","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$09BFACEB-6031-4BCF-B63B-A43A0064042F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"ae6532ee0eeba7ff4320c9bd0d34652819325f5a","datavalue":{"value":"http://hdl.handle.net/2115/79674","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$F9BAA245-FAAC-4A3F-B5EB-83A8BB0C03B1","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"1b7578adf780f63ab5b5f8545c60db9e8d6b15dd","datavalue":{"value":"The authors continue their investigation of curves in the Euclidean plane \\(\\mathbb R^2\\) that arise from a given curve. In a previous paper [the authors, Note Mat. 39, No. 2, 13--24 (2019; Zbl 1433.53005)], they dealt with the relation between pedaloids and evolutoids, which are generalisations of the pedal curve (with respect to the origin) and the evolute, respectively.   At each point of the given curve (which is assumed not to pass through the origin), there is a unique line that is normal to the point's position vector. The envelope of all such lines is the primitive of the original curve. So, forming the pedal and the primitive are inverse operations. After introducing the notion of anti-pedal, it is shown that the primitive is equal to the anti-pedal of that curve which arises from the original curve under the inversion at the unit circle centred at the origin. As for the pedal, the singularities of the antipedal correspond to the inflection points of the original curve.  Furthermore, various types of primitivoids of a plane curve are introduced; these are siblings of the primitive. It turns out that the shapes of all primitivoids of a given curve are similar. The paper is rounded off with a number of further results and closes with several impressive illustrations.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$A7DD45F1-10D1-48B9-873B-04F01087C525","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"821dd2bfe499e2bca4203909f8554e4c2ec06a5a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":351103,"id":"Q351103"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$4110E911-DC16-4F7A-9400-3EF6E552B639","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"92748ab81ad2a4e49256cb5f57aa60dae31ca924","datavalue":{"value":"53A04","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$2B78B6E8-656F-4202-BD47-DA94089398AE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2537c8eda8fd9c8bf8aaf5e36a2f684e2bb8e905","datavalue":{"value":"53A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$F2AE2AD6-E268-4BC9-8238-2377FC49AB85","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"b710d37daee0440a627c8fcd17499d0dcb86aeea","datavalue":{"value":"7202200","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$DD2F2485-08B7-4B7E-B8AC-4BAA89786D23","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e26e73996aebf13fe970bdb1dfe61e24407ce7a4","datavalue":{"value":"plane curves","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$D8069C3D-F4FE-407E-9703-BC1C687A31B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f23896f11ac4d2674821376c1d8fb52a78861278","datavalue":{"value":"primitive","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$D0287BCF-FBFE-4054-AFD7-49ACA577D5C4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"453a19b660e62f0e6037f1264d3dfd2ec37604b6","datavalue":{"value":"primitivoids","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$629C581A-17D9-431F-8A9D-20D63723FE59","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"556b49fa669bdb4e5119b8e2b69354559d5279ed","datavalue":{"value":"pedal curve","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$EB13CD63-DBFB-46A3-BC82-2B6CB84628EF","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"298cf705f4dccca884ec7d15357e1a363b8b8442","datavalue":{"value":"Q114687572","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$47136F1F-F668-4EBD-98CC-57C27351B933","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$BBAFE463-18E9-4BDE-A300-9CABF282D3AF","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"fb44c31bb2e5c6b9825aaac0ba7f7724f2d74a3b","datavalue":{"value":"W2983926624","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$36FB7D25-5F8A-4BE4-A5C9-88D4BE4FEEB3","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4edd6e354497b092027622cf722877cb2250223f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3997639,"id":"Q3997639"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$74F015D5-45A7-4ECB-A9B2-95562688CCF2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cf70eadbf2ce145a234993cb763a186645430156","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4003405,"id":"Q4003405"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$55098EC5-E2AB-4DF2-9ABF-35E6F0551BF9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"54b7cf584c785f833f6307bc91e2a623edc15f55","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2941103,"id":"Q2941103"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$93D00E5F-4C35-4BD2-8CF6-AA1F714EB7C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2f9c7dfb87c39736e704d5bafbacb6cccda246b9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2515980,"id":"Q2515980"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$65C61947-A2FA-4A0F-9F92-021ACD02239D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1011f7e8e72c0d905274eaea679fdf1362821fd6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5246429,"id":"Q5246429"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$E4105D7F-36A8-4F49-A9A4-8B90401E64A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"76b2dd84e0b4173901f4bf300ab525f86fcb61ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5215550,"id":"Q5215550"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$D49B504D-05B6-4A35-BA92-9E0F704395F2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7b6849048fa0fdf763b928c05f59f21618d52c02","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5174931,"id":"Q5174931"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$34E1A3A1-F7D4-4F07-9CB3-522B217B3214","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"58f8abb1c87f52838d9a3dfdcf53616de6fb3217","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4643987,"id":"Q4643987"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$3EC84B5C-F63D-43E8-B49F-FEF8A26609C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5bac1ebfa62da99f319b63769345657f77bcf22a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5530254,"id":"Q5530254"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$67E2EC90-5251-42D5-AF37-967A407FEAAA","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"86ff97a2c1407934ff4444c178547cfca23738a6","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S13366-019-00472-9","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2181694$4D531881-DAC3-4D64-A6A7-C79CE207737A","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5e914ea4a88111a1b5874b0696b19f702df48c56","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2818680,"id":"Q2818680"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5c8c82872e833769786083cb0a3dcd239849c2b8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7626546","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2181694$1D00D0B0-9F11-4FDE-92A5-6934B807D1B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fa67efc712956f948396b09b9122ec539f490c39","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3150884,"id":"Q3150884"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ce9acdf3a77c3f134174d8c508d46ef94549ab7c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7587943","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2181694$312E89E1-572D-4A5B-AEF5-407F2FB0A7A9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"df6d8f8bd218d0f49d988c4811e73c0ff7857d20","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5433085,"id":"Q5433085"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"906b91fd941fbeaddd09f9513a409f8d75b1a379","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7550504","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2181694$DDA5F3E5-0341-4931-B2AE-23CB4107E801","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5b1d2a8b6a6f9c2e0837a101c1f3bad231399b5f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2091139,"id":"Q2091139"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9fd642978737dc4e191aa8a2f0f10f60c7bb6655","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7537666","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2181694$2661C32E-27F4-4070-B350-7B737EC2CB57","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"980fef9ed2debd38f63c6d271f0362067dc6af24","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5215550,"id":"Q5215550"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"991378d21bab88137ce2ccafed9a078c37086956","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7534358","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2181694$8F86AF92-9D8B-4871-B85E-4AAABE1434F8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b7c9e5e4100b6b07f3b30297c4ee6c63700d5840","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2048986,"id":"Q2048986"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"863c58744e4b07312cff490b2b3da23dafeb2bf2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7434757","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2181694$7CAE45D1-64C6-4C6D-8036-DD147D75B659","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"788f359c932c5fc2e3d39fb9643d82d43fe052f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2127688,"id":"Q2127688"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8fc6d832f925d45024bc1e6399b0a14afd32b1bc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74249315","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2181694$422FEFCF-66AC-459E-9500-0A41A4CEF4E5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"749a1e65aedec2d2f88f40caa26c2ab3a98051b7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5139197,"id":"Q5139197"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"36bb77586adc1ebdd082de78621be751acc746f9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7202594","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2181694$7DBCCE6E-44D9-41F0-B3FD-CC5BF7FB2EAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3747a8f178228e54c04c98fa61e3a2bff6abcc00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1535683,"id":"Q1535683"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e26ffbea038e4af01fcc39252df8449aacfc91fa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.71894014","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2181694$DB101417-7FB5-43FF-8758-CF89B908CE82","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5a641bcc347ebe0c80957ae01828dc74ce420db5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1515026,"id":"Q1515026"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dc29295f76329db20e84180d53c56bcf900421da","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.71806836","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2181694$BB1BACB6-527D-4304-B150-46EEC70A7C38","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Primitivoids and inversions of plane curves","badges":[]}}}}}