{"entities":{"Q2183979":{"pageid":2194722,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2183979","lastrevid":56725329,"modified":"2026-03-19T06:43:23Z","type":"item","id":"Q2183979","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Evolution of cooperation with peer punishment under prospect theory"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7205625"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$5BA55779-E94E-4354-9272-AEF5752336EE","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"2aca2b1f5b2a9fec34060e2ec746a746008096a7","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Evolution of cooperation with peer punishment under prospect theory","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$D2B57390-3CB8-472E-A781-CC31A8655508","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"202f26cf610a74d73568b33805293af4a1c9ddc3","datavalue":{"value":"1443.91052","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$055BB64B-799A-4534-88A1-5FFCA34B702E","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4d12ccca8c7dc03319df4870db0ffc04db945ea3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":336285,"id":"Q336285"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$AC89D6C3-A54A-4044-8A0F-EF6EF72F21C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2861770c5322678a782a598d9132138841bb7af4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":725084,"id":"Q725084"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$E690B7CD-C476-469A-8D94-A9F2EAFF3B7B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"19b2a4bd758b22c872ac183a1203e5a0fd087ff3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":725085,"id":"Q725085"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$B924687D-04DC-449A-B2F3-FAD18BBAA884","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8b441f27beccc31efc5d2d442afc7b257965a1b2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":336286,"id":"Q336286"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$87E3699F-AA0E-41C7-A5FF-D6B22F1DB56E","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6589dcc6fefca0e1b5c725a60b6e53eec3d18a30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":725005,"id":"Q725005"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$A56E01DD-8180-4053-9F77-EF5396DEC6C6","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"74e9c8747ffd0032638f684de68b42e81f06a509","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2020-05-27T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$78E2E70E-2EFA-4A2F-9241-F3B4139726EC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"40340b2316c213e27953175fc95a8f8dc50dd65f","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: Social dilemmas are among the most puzzling issues in the biological and social sciences. Extensive theoretical efforts have been made in various realms such as economics, biology, mathematics, and even physics to figure out solution mechanisms to the dilemma in recent decades. Although punishment is thought to be a key mechanism, evolutionary game theory has revealed that the simplest form of punishment called peer punishment is useless to solve the dilemma, since peer punishment itself is costly. In the literature, more complex types of punishment, such as pool punishment or institutional punishment, have been exploited as effective mechanisms. So far, mechanisms that enable peer punishment to function as a solution to the social dilemma remain unclear. In this paper, we propose a theoretical way for peer punishment to work as a solution mechanism for the dilemma by incorporating prospect theory into evolutionary game theory. Prospect theory models human beings as agents that estimate small probabilities and loss of profit as greater than they actually are; thus, those agents feel that punishments are more frequent and harsher than they really are. We show that this kind of cognitive distortion makes players decide to cooperate to avoid being punished and that the cooperative state achieved by this mechanism is globally stable as well as evolutionarily stable in a wide range of parameter values.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$46327FE9-2341-47AF-BF51-53F10B578EBC","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ca04fad19ea64b62e2a5a59b7e37a16439b1af65","datavalue":{"value":"91A22","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$ACEBE7BA-F882-4376-A2FB-0E948602BEB8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e7821ac546420ffac288c241a881e247a33d0c98","datavalue":{"value":"91A12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$5D6E8B29-43DD-4D52-B23D-26627382B099","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"662a15c969a3e9b9201184d54187bd341d8c9f5f","datavalue":{"value":"91B16","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$4F5EB460-8049-48BB-8B48-C62CB523BDA7","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"04511c7193afd8a871d64fc1a968f1ff183b1095","datavalue":{"value":"7205625","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$A508FEC5-7EE7-4FA0-98EC-2975B518760E","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6f2308472a467280be77ab1624696a81e037c932","datavalue":{"value":"evolution of cooperation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$3F22B7EC-CDBF-47D2-887B-C9AAA6EB4630","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"af07e0a1e996e8ef70e518d9795f0ae0f1cf5b78","datavalue":{"value":"social dilemma","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$9D1BA4FB-2F3F-48CF-BD01-283E98AEEA4A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"33aab196445c4a49da03955313186465930a4bdb","datavalue":{"value":"punishment","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$CCB3B1E3-1B5C-4489-9AFA-18C155990D81","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"78931cd718109941098d6ddbb162b4ef7b347ee9","datavalue":{"value":"evolutionary games","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$E32105F1-7EB4-480F-A485-B62C260735C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"aa474ba85b08c1b0f8c3d0d146d7f3b290a17e80","datavalue":{"value":"prospect theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$8AC267E7-C9FB-463D-8565-688AF244C716","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"25247581d6b85900e3ed2711a4503e0f4976add7","datavalue":{"value":"nonlinear utility","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$619B218E-9C77-45D3-8B4D-9CBC95481C7C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$0CBC8277-9F01-4F81-A0B0-155FE9DF5C17","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"0f1000886702f882133e7e6503eb08d8c3e45cf2","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g10010011","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$B3FCC5CE-0764-4568-9AD0-70CB125B791E","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"f55e5a0eee712d4976fef36064c8160040a34dfe","datavalue":{"value":"W2917980102","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$0535815A-26A4-42EE-98D3-37162B0C454A","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8e8621c123aac909d213e169585cdf93858ccdc1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5897163,"id":"Q5897163"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$E2FC9B02-69F2-4EB1-9B12-3349619F4A00","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ff1f5b69ed092b17975816a8d9f4afa8d25d00c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2364300,"id":"Q2364300"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$13853492-8051-4C96-89D9-42AC81CFCFC0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bcfe145a79fccafa8ae7894bbdec3ade4657741c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5491046,"id":"Q5491046"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$30E39AE7-8F3D-4464-8357-62C727A7FA07","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1d62180a744f89894402887f66247b53c96dd7b3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2415549,"id":"Q2415549"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$041A0022-120C-4952-9FC3-D6A1D139ACF0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c23ba4a5b56a79ec1d8a77c8d72aeb9b3fa762f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2962147,"id":"Q2962147"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$D3BF5356-ECF5-41A7-B142-B82D9D6F525F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5d8ecdbaab67b304ca102fd3fe4b4f35614a96ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1651830,"id":"Q1651830"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$6361E151-B05C-4DC1-A2CE-805B46098934","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ece6aedc83ccc49ffe20907408f2ce928f7e341b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3826312,"id":"Q3826312"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$7DA05F3F-175F-4EFA-93BD-F78A0A8253B8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"06e458f46eb967ea13678eec30cf3528fc407bf1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1122462,"id":"Q1122462"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$FAFD8F0F-9EC2-4370-9B93-4D537FED1C51","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"076ad43b2218680ca501aa6b7b0d9932baf47ac5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3930974,"id":"Q3930974"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$8D28C039-6F49-4F5E-93D8-5416C41A8592","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5d4357d69f66c65c0a5d34847887b652f9768cb4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4198292,"id":"Q4198292"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$65ED34F1-4AFF-403B-8715-32D24E62F069","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0c98a535d79d287c9fb1a414bbafe32150c329f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3559189,"id":"Q3559189"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$2BA0F9ED-182C-4087-BB96-146DECD7AD41","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7472fa309e7b8ae2e8f42c153d9a75721daa7808","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4397052,"id":"Q4397052"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$1243B30B-9305-473B-8882-0B1CE18329F0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2e7b696570961912e7c7fbf29d0d48abc333e694","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3101771,"id":"Q3101771"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$DE2FE0FD-7545-4D8F-9542-F795A670203C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ca2ac31c34da8e877adcbc732569776b5a05f443","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":745064,"id":"Q745064"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$AFA1FC0C-AE52-44DE-AFB0-0ED49A025313","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"30db94ad97c0eb83b76407b0e8ae308461e0f4ee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3101695,"id":"Q3101695"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$D1FB5437-E087-4F53-A52E-B31AF6DE676B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2de2bc9e68d53d12e92c8e5e16040da6e00144e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":292723,"id":"Q292723"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$CD95D3AC-F646-4FDB-A5AB-D3B2C891E3F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dca0a21c0da769cf012b75dfed329410588ad284","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2195085,"id":"Q2195085"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$5341D71F-3EA2-498B-BA95-94E262304FC9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"25c83850c2c41f392d277a04fb69bc0e53010d45","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1715272,"id":"Q1715272"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$666AE026-2443-4361-8F99-C4B3F0038FC7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9e947a2c9869977ff6fdac92f623474517f2d8e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2199184,"id":"Q2199184"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$39F33D99-9FB6-4408-ABF2-A5031C8FFBBD","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"393998c4ac32b0dcea53b2b2677c8b6f3b9d48ea","datavalue":{"value":"10.3390/G10010011","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$8BA04715-9DB8-46EB-A691-6D4FE382B926","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"07b977b929a0ddb64cbecd6607f8ba106c580c2d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1674286,"id":"Q1674286"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"59bf940ebee4a52b24174cf9c82d1d6737710329","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7885470986366272","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2183979$FD9431D8-8467-4D04-B3E5-7EC33933BBBF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3343281a25ea9fdf6e4dbc9e02b4f6444e41974f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1651830,"id":"Q1651830"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e959ae0cf0212e1cdaaedc24c4a8370cd32b3220","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7798644304275513","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2183979$1849EA93-2F83-4F8D-9A97-B4FE68F2F479","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"af0d806591966b5a501fe9000a2c68be47069ef1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2158117,"id":"Q2158117"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1de10c6c641dab2bd08bf957a48703a0cc7977ce","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7786205410957336","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2183979$CD2EC94D-611A-4E8C-9225-4500B8D9AA99","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9d79ad91ccf7ff89410a4c1f472e0a920b1cb784","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1790887,"id":"Q1790887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7cde715bfb1dddf0ae6204b85b345ae7e83f0605","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7782918810844421","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2183979$218274C9-FB06-4775-A52F-45000C258A7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cb2fa5b2361839398f71f473d33bd784c64eeb30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1681573,"id":"Q1681573"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ce2aa83bd2c259bad7d7ffc81bab81f59772ec28","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7723472714424133","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2183979$32C3CC7E-ABC5-4B19-9BBF-3BA2052052CD","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2183979$18E390F0-5690-4580-B7DE-F2D25EC42F76","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2183979","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2183979"}}}}}