{"entities":{"Q2184007":{"pageid":2194750,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2184007","lastrevid":56830398,"modified":"2026-03-23T17:32:16Z","type":"item","id":"Q2184007","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Optimal majority rule in referenda"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7205639"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$FA5DD1DD-98D1-47D4-BC19-33C693F90312","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"ab09feb600412b38935f514299b6c0284d12f50c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Optimal majority rule in referenda","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$21600041-E677-430F-84D3-50456499A091","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"881299e1a88f2756d6d0a73da5e8cc7f0e40300b","datavalue":{"value":"1443.91131","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$1D3044C8-2312-494C-9153-84D14D293BD1","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d05a5b2649afa6f0024ad4a5fd3d717ca4288f14","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":383391,"id":"Q383391"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$32062629-444E-47AB-B257-D9595DACC9EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e4df2f61ecaacc2e62ecaa2be6559b1500f8580e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":251956,"id":"Q251956"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$B98955CF-34B7-47B9-BF2D-5E8BF4510538","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6589dcc6fefca0e1b5c725a60b6e53eec3d18a30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":725005,"id":"Q725005"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$15257A75-B2C5-4A4B-9E3C-694BEACDAAB6","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"74e9c8747ffd0032638f684de68b42e81f06a509","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2020-05-27T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$EB6761A6-E6A5-4031-ABE9-58CDC2A3D8C3","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"775dd57253f3bc30ea47ce170db6eafe2b66ef51","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: Adopting the group turnout model of \\textit{H. Herrera} and \\textit{A. Mattozzi} [``Quorum and turnout in referenda'', Eur. Econ. Assoc. 8, No. 4, 838--871 (2010; \\url{doi:10.1111/j.1542-4774.2010.tb00542.x})], we investigate direct democracy with supermajority rule and different preference intensities for two sides of a referendum: Reform versus status quo. Two parties spend money and effort to mobilize their voters. We characterize the set of pure strategy Nash equilibria. We investigate the optimal majority rule that maximizes voters' welfare. Using an example, we show that the relationship between the optimal majority rule and the preference intensity is not monotonic -- the optimal majority rule is initially decreasing and then increasing in the preference intensity of the status quo side. We also show that when the preference intensity of the status quo side is higher, the easiness to mobilize voters on the status quo side is lower, or the payoff that the reform party receives is higher, the optimal majority rule is more likely to be supermajority.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$28DBA6AA-F88E-47C7-ADAD-223E28608186","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"824cfdf2b129d72f7287008060b5bf497f3b4f34","datavalue":{"value":"91B14","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$AA6CFD45-3AD4-4453-921E-5B8BDCB20FE4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b7b5d210ccf30ae4c3a1a1262f928f15988911a0","datavalue":{"value":"91B15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$BDC8F50D-F6B3-4A73-8FE0-8404DFF989FE","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"50565a14711e40649afb63ec2d3a75704849e225","datavalue":{"value":"7205639","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$81DBAA6A-816E-452D-BA3E-C9062448E4B3","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5322e253260e3bd9c97b64095245e6d08e9a31e5","datavalue":{"value":"referendum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$55DF3D6A-FC91-4CA1-B4CC-B05D4FE2D8DE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"866e80fa0d3f4bd8686d4e77820886aa310012cd","datavalue":{"value":"majority rule","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$23518B16-A4E9-4BE4-9264-23761A8C2124","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"59bcc79499c315974ba9126dfd5706b366bfbfae","datavalue":{"value":"supermajority","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$7225B02D-86C4-48C2-A189-8BA5F5D2E133","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"02d8585adbf9c66397467679584b6c5badef37ff","datavalue":{"value":"mobilization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$19FECC25-2332-4E9D-9D24-F4C3345E91B3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"53fb57738fd00d5ad45e2323ec46f2242a6735e1","datavalue":{"value":"social welfare","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$913700D3-AF87-4F0C-AECE-1303A04F0A6B","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$240C1D5D-27CC-4CA3-BF1F-AD79E79F6352","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"43cc729a4789d130b52ec161fd3481634180ec76","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g10020025","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$5514AE9F-DDE9-4D7C-AB83-EE9D7F8E3D39","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"91c728ffd7b52df5e00bcf7cc34492c80609f01b","datavalue":{"value":"W2948174074","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$B0A32DA4-7C24-42E6-A7B4-1C06915FB310","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"244a981529ad79b98a0d01f716cfb5818105d5fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4810826,"id":"Q4810826"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$9A8FB9A9-F85E-4935-9D20-A374F99CE2A1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"59e3e22fd4ec5f44b28df12ff71395abcf968fc2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4647489,"id":"Q4647489"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$3CDAADD2-8E94-4AF3-B10A-D134575F60FA","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"c9b9de1164eb991eb2aa2115f70a04c130039ddb","datavalue":{"value":"Q127707505","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$3F96ECBF-BED5-4F18-9464-E50385A6C2FE","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"ce0e30e20a3a1ed68ccd688fa126d9f571c687ad","datavalue":{"value":"10.3390/G10020025","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$4987C106-5FAD-4FC9-83F5-FA2A448C5758","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1741484d9319890dcaeb1b49b768e012cef45f3d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2568828,"id":"Q2568828"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"76082ed5720cff418a369b382123bbe4952b286f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8093412518501282","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2184007$2ED096FB-20CC-415A-87C7-2F2C57451C5D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"272c671006f977d171a54a3557cef249917e0b35","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":765225,"id":"Q765225"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d26f66bb6d184138d6255cb15c00f6174ae655c7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7894707322120667","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2184007$9D2A5B84-B73C-4BC3-AF62-8D72D5472E79","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0a7a24f63b45b762a37b5c5e13737fed2e31858c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3787741,"id":"Q3787741"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cfbe464df669fa9f2599701c7006d4b9f916af43","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7844613790512085","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2184007$817DFC64-C765-462C-89BB-06D3C2F43FA5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"528eac85a2bcaf213508921b43c609aaa2c9dc90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2059052,"id":"Q2059052"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3bb9362e2d203aacf2bf81d611f8925b58645f37","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7802254557609558","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2184007$650560B0-8B9D-479B-8D84-664640A9F22E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9b8f05ea1f6dcd71d1ee9bc54732975116984e9b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2519477,"id":"Q2519477"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6867cc31d272278a1f80d5a0d7c4e8a14d105473","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7725250124931335","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2184007$8F03C029-2562-4987-B337-691D7E71870F","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2184007$48A689D8-AE0B-4673-91C2-A6DCB719C15F","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2184007","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2184007"}}}}}