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Perelman observed that  the Ricci flow (a curve of metrics \\(g(t)\\) such that \\(\\dot{g}=-2\\operatorname{Ric}_{g(t)}\\)) can be interpreted as the gradient of this functional. The Yamabe invariant of a conformal class of metrics \\([g]\\) on \\(M\\) is defined by \\(Y(M,[g])=\\inf_{h\\in[g]}\\operatorname{vol}(M,h)^{\\frac2{n-1}}\\int_M\\operatorname{scal}_hdV_h\\).  Let \\(\\mathcal{M}\\) be the set of smooth metrics on \\(M\\). The number \\(Y(M)=\\sup_{g\\in\\mathcal M} Y(M,[g])\\) is called the smooth Yamabe invariant of \\(M\\).  A metric \\(g\\) is called supreme if it realizes the Yamabe invariant in its conformal class and the smooth Yamabe invariant of the manifold.  The author proves the following:  Theorem. A Ricci-flat metric \\(g_{RF}\\) is a local maximizer of \\(\\lambda\\) if and only if it is a local maximizer of the Yamabe functional, i.e., there are no metrics of positive scalar curvature close to \\(g_{RF}\\).  The author calls a compact Einstein manifold \\((M,g_E)\\) dynamically stable if, for any \\(C^k\\)-neighbourhood \\(U\\) of \\(g_E\\) in the space of metrics, there exists a \\(C^{k+2}\\)-neighbourhood \\(V\\subset U\\) such that, for any \\(g_0\\in V\\), the normalized Ricci flow starting at \\(g_0\\) exists for all \\(t\\ge0\\) and converges modulo diffeomorphisms to an Einstein metric in \\(U\\). A compact Einstein manifold \\((M,g_E)\\) is dynamically unstable if there exists a nontrivial normalized Ricci flow defined on \\((-\\infty,0]\\) which converges modulo diffeomorphisms to \\(g_E\\) as \\(t\\rightarrow-\\infty\\).  The author proves that, if \\((M,g_E)\\) is a compact Einstein manifold with Einstein constant \\(\\mu\\) such that \\((M,g_E)\\) is is a local maximizer of the Yamabe functional with the smallest eigenvalue \\(\\lambda\\) of the Laplacian satisfying \\(\\lambda>2\\mu\\), then \\((M,g_E)\\)  is dynamically stable. If \\((M,g_E)\\) is not a local maximizer of the Yamabe functional or \\(\\lambda<2\\mu\\), then  \\((M,g_E)\\)  is dynamically unstable.  Among several other interesting results, the author proves that \\(\\mathbb{CP}^n\\) with the standard metric is dynamically unstable for 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