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Free magmas are equidecomposable, which means that the binary operation is injective (i.e., \\(x*y=u*v\\) implies \\(x=u\\) and \\(y=v\\)). The converse fails, consider the magma of rooted binary trees of arbitrary height (possibly infinite). Nevertheless, the two concepts are closely related: a magma is free if and only if it is equidecomposable and it is generated by its indecomposable elements.  The present paper is a thorough study of equidecomposable magmas. For example, it is proved that every equidecomposable magma is a disjoint union of the submagma generated by its indecomposable elements and the largest submagma where the operation is surjective. 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