{"entities":{"Q2221297":{"pageid":2232040,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2221297","lastrevid":56714346,"modified":"2026-03-19T03:26:34Z","type":"item","id":"Q2221297","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Optimism bias during the Covid-19 pandemic: empirical evidence from Romania and Italy"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7301450"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$40F770F4-9DAE-449B-993D-C1D8E32230C6","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"5774285e22c4737489bb58ec3f8eab0db02dce4f","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Optimism bias during the Covid-19 pandemic: empirical evidence from Romania and Italy","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$4445D5F3-8E31-4B97-B867-D645CB832704","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"696f771f55d665928e62db11a6698d7621af12d9","datavalue":{"value":"1457.91297","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$8F98E719-5784-4E96-BEA5-656F73FB18D9","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ebf48fd1b247534357e4650643934c3d6b179246","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2221295,"id":"Q2221295"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$AECCD4CF-EC61-456B-AC40-136A7224E9FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cc9b576fb4fedec71df588320c66dfc3fca5f422","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":267495,"id":"Q267495"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$1ACD9F6F-0EB2-4EBE-BC9B-AD91CA36C6E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"454abd6b255f3dfdc9b8e7e83063b6caa010a7a1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2221296,"id":"Q2221296"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$5063DEB1-8228-4D95-9301-FB1B8DFE0385","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"6589dcc6fefca0e1b5c725a60b6e53eec3d18a30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":725005,"id":"Q725005"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$7D2812C2-9DAB-492B-AE76-A75E4937D55C","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"00c37197fdcc622dda62b1a70d213b12db611eb0","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$74DE5D11-FE84-4480-B4FC-027650FB1413","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"e5077bdf1f2782b05b6ed39c057e1afa595bbe70","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: Given the importance of perceived susceptibility to a disease in adopting preventive behaviors, and the negative impact of optimism bias on prevention, this paper aimed to explore to what extent comparative optimism bias (understood as the tendency to assess a lower probability for oneself to experience negative health events compared to others) is present in the specific context of the Covid-19 pandemic, in two countries with different profiles in terms of the spread of the disease: Italy and Romania. After identifying optimism bias in both countries, we tested whether it depends on respondents' characteristics like gender, age, education, health status and whether or not they have the opportunity to work from home. We surveyed 1126 Romanians and 742 Italians, and found that optimism bias depends on self-reported health status, and that optimism bias increases with age. Inconclusive evidences were found regarding gender and education level, as well as the option to work from home.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$257DF5EC-B0EE-4689-B728-99AC8AED3BBE","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7530ae852489b120b1b979fe5df373da24dc8e97","datavalue":{"value":"91C20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$ED5E1A70-1FBF-4AF6-AE89-F4FBE659AD6F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4c7b075b16c09ec9a84a66c2bf5756add8b464b9","datavalue":{"value":"62P25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$9551A563-52E0-4AF2-BB30-1B754F1B3DD9","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"aa27d2ebda72240ee8db95c70c1a59aa9e15a22c","datavalue":{"value":"7301450","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$FF6A31D2-535C-45FF-B6E3-8B371B7098A7","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fada83ed05de65e7900faf3031fe1ffb9d6c8c43","datavalue":{"value":"Covid-19","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$74F5DA5D-D7BC-4DF5-8C1E-DFBB06742253","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"899d36f126f338b027d376241cdbec76cfd888a9","datavalue":{"value":"optimism bias","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$C63D64F9-B25D-4418-BDFC-2943E735E360","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"577902eaca41bdf58c1df024ea9699e29b9d97f0","datavalue":{"value":"pandemic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$DDABC274-5C52-4493-8704-0EF13E0D3E1C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"233b637210ba84c61fbd650ca14e56cd28e52a42","datavalue":{"value":"perceived risk","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$87582EEE-4335-4452-B535-328017CB7ACD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"862d7a31707934ad0be33ed223999dcf67f2862d","datavalue":{"value":"coronavirus health crisis","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$A7FAF5EC-0BC3-4BA8-B776-B6CB3E9A5414","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1a4d11ffb3529a8767299bbf1574de31ae4e5f74","datavalue":{"value":"risk communication","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$1BBC98FF-9054-4229-9EE6-024D9CF6FBE4","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$9D952ADF-B0AC-4D21-913B-01AAC9E80863","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"0c12f2b39b69b41435fe9e7ebd795633bbd2c7f9","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.3390/g11030039","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$5D7CFDA4-0290-44E4-B332-1FC863EA78EC","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a8d9d32ab0ef9541d8d8ef9f48ce6e93c11e602b","datavalue":{"value":"W3085990999","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$1B5E2E07-A55C-467E-A4E0-2E8419642501","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"e6b2a3fcb78b98effd107352f705f6178c55a4d8","datavalue":{"value":"10.3390/G11030039","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$C3EDC639-DDBC-457F-82B5-D203DE74A1CC","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"329d548508b244a4e5f70e67bca2e159ec597d88","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4959686,"id":"Q4959686"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ebd62be05fb30fd06b25e55c64d6589773fe0685","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6238592863082886","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2221297$E0AB50FF-5E0D-42AD-802B-CA283DB9D43E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f96b969f87eea7a31277cbaf1a66852ccac75316","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5943815,"id":"Q5943815"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ced04c76a42a4e71755ef6e13a8d110ddde6e379","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.5792785882949829","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2221297$35D58FF2-75BA-4E7C-8AA7-BD8E9A310194","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"57c3818f65818cf8d5cd3eacc6a5836824ae5ea6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2069967,"id":"Q2069967"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7f8fece494d0bada2618dd27aac1335bf6085c6f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.5791584253311157","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2221297$69E747F0-DB9E-471E-A78C-00EC8FFBD989","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d539b6a21cf58d4d6248fa97bea720a09b4bf095","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1798802,"id":"Q1798802"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3e54b50a51c35a64bd738533cfe37c926b2eac8e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.5787703394889832","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2221297$8137DFB4-7B69-418B-92E2-70C78AAABF74","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"14706ee51f6b265600ee1d934af86143e4a0a9a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2659936,"id":"Q2659936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0494992d26352a6a06ad9fec41a442195d097c14","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.5736001133918762","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2221297$D8F1BF02-BBB9-4F53-B6EB-1895CA3D9FA1","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2221297$5BA418A5-2007-4150-AA9E-C4AC3BFECE07","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2221297","badges":[]}}}}}