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An element \\(r\\) in a ring \\(R\\) is \\(q\\)\\textsl{-potent} provided that \\(r^{q}=r\\).  In this paper, the rings over which each square matrix is the sum of an idempotent matrix and a \\(q\\)-potent matrix are studied.  Using a series of ten preliminary lemmas, a first result is:  Theorem 11. If \\(q\\) is odd and such that one of the equivalences \\( q\\equiv 1\\) (mod 6) or \\(q\\equiv 1\\) (mod 26) holds, then for every \\(n\\in  \\mathbb{N}\\) each matrix in \\(\\mathbb{M}_{n}(\\mathbb{F}_{3})\\) is the sum of an idempotent and a \\(q\\)-potent.  Among the main results we mention:  Theorem 14. Let \\(q>1\\) be odd, and let \\(R\\) be an integral domain not isomorphic to \\(\\mathbb{F}_{3}\\). Then the following are equivalent:  (1) for every  \\(n\\in \\mathbb{N}\\) each matrix in \\(\\mathbb{M}_{n}(R)\\) is the sum of an idempotent matrix and a \\(q\\)-potent matrix;  (2) for some \\(n\\in \\mathbb{N}\\) each matrix in \\(\\mathbb{M}_{n}(R)\\) is the sum of an idempotent matrix and a \\(q\\)-potent matrix;  (3) for every \\(n\\in \\mathbb{N}\\) each matrix in \\(\\mathbb{M}_{n}(R)\\) is the sum of a nilpotent matrix and a \\(q\\)-potent matrix;  (4) for some \\(n\\in \\mathbb{N}\\) each matrix in \\(\\mathbb{M}_{n}(R)\\) is the sum of a nilpotent matrix and a \\(q\\)-potent matrix;  (5) \\(R\\) is a finite field and \\(\\left\\vert R\\right\\vert -1\\) divides \\(q-1\\).  Theorem 22. Let \\(q>1\\) be odd, let \\(R\\) be a commutative ring, and let \\(\\mathrm{Nil}(R)=0\\). If \\(R\\) does not possess a homomorphic image isomorphic to \\( \\mathbb{F}_{3}\\), then the following are equivalent:  (1) for every \\(n\\in \\mathbb{N}\\) each matrix in \\(\\mathbb{M}_{n}(R)\\) is the sum of an idempotent matrix and a \\(q\\)-potent matrix;  (2) for some \\(n\\in \\mathbb{N}\\) each matrix in \\(\\mathbb{M}_{n}(R)\\) is the sum of an idempotent matrix and a \\(q\\)-potent matrix;  (3) the identity \\(x^{q}=x\\) holds in \\(R\\).   Theorem 23. Let \\(R\\) be a commutative ring, and \\(\\mathrm{Nil}(R)=0\\). Assume that one of the equalities \\(q=6k+1\\) and \\(q=26k+1\\) holds, where \\(k\\in \\mathbb{ N}\\). Then the following are equivalent:  (1) for all \\(n\\in N\\) every matrix in \\(\\mathbb{M}_{n}(R)\\) is the sum of a \\(q\\)-potent matrix and an idempotent matrix;  (2) for some \\(n\\in N\\) every matrix in \\(\\mathbb{M}_{n}(R)\\) is the sum of a \\(q\\)-potent matrix and an idempotent matrix;  (3) the identity \\(x^{q}=x\\) holds in \\(R\\).  Many examples and counterexamples are 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