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Research on the cause and characteristic of vulnerability is prerequisite for effective management measures. First, a supply chain network model based on Poisson distribution and preference selection mechanism is established, of which the interactions are further studied. On this basis, the cascading failure process of supply chain network i analysed, and then the impact of supply chain network topology on the system vulnerability and the determination of node vulnerability are further discussed. Finally, an example of certain automotive group supply chain is used to verify the effectiveness and practicality of this method. The study finds that the root of supply network vulnerability lies in cascading failure and there is a certain power-law relationship between its scale and frequency, namely supply chain network owns self-organised criticality, which affects the vulnerability of supply chain network. 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