{"entities":{"Q2240751":{"pageid":2251494,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2240751","lastrevid":57593451,"modified":"2026-03-31T13:16:03Z","type":"item","id":"Q2240751","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Global stability for novel complicated SIR epidemic models with the nonlinear recovery rate and transfer from being infectious to being susceptible to analyze the transmission of COVID-19"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7420398"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$9970CA81-7343-48B2-B87F-AED409DB9354","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"788d19643ee3ecae628ae1531fb118a547897f6e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Global stability for novel complicated SIR epidemic models with the nonlinear recovery rate and transfer from being infectious to being susceptible to analyze the transmission of COVID-19","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$3337773C-1B4D-48AA-9085-3E614417EA4B","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"97727552beaf66a7dc03f7eac93a757fba2601c1","datavalue":{"value":"1481.34058","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$6BDA45A6-5D5D-45E7-9CB0-8F422A4A842B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"6b41b3f0f52798866595b73acd958659113f0243","datavalue":{"value":"10.1155/2021/5207152","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$CD90E54C-5184-469E-9418-8E11D09E9B28","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cc45e6b9322bed7360e4aac2a42f8c73614b44f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1787138,"id":"Q1787138"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$52FB7A8B-A5C2-4F22-9B55-0D8DC090E56A","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"b551253a60d7afd3180aba6a73f1ada6db223bf9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":248740,"id":"Q248740"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$1CB9912C-1E7D-43E2-9429-5E939A873171","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"51f0220dcd7207657e9465a422526ed9ffb9675e","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$9B6591D0-ADD9-45A9-BBED-6B2EAA766357","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9403de031f266732d7b3fed8abab9c8ff70a1fb9","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: Epidemiological models play pivotal roles in predicting, anticipating, understanding, and controlling present and future epidemics. The dynamics of infectious diseases is complex, and therefore, researchers need to consider more complicated mathematical models. In this paper, we first describe the dynamics of a complex SIR epidemic model with nonstandard nonlinear incidence and recovery rates. In this model, we consider the rate at which individuals lose immunity. Rigorous mathematical results have been established from the point of view of stability and bifurcation. The basic reproduction number (\\(R_0\\)) is determined. We then apply LaSalle's invariance principle and Lyapunov's direct method to prove that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when \\(R_0<1\\). The model has a unique endemic equilibrium when \\(R_0>1\\). A nonlinear Lyapunov function is used together with LaSalle's invariance principle to show that the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable under some conditions. Further, for the case when \\(R_0=1\\), we analyze the model and show a backward bifurcation under certain conditions. In the second part of this paper, we analyze a modified SIR model with a vaccination term, which must be a function of time. We show that the modified model agrees well with COVID-19 data in Saudi Arabia. We then investigate different future scenarios. Simulation results suggest that a two-pronged strategy is crucial to control the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$9497FA38-8E36-49B4-9FFC-115A09A0DBA7","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"59df49bc6001cfead5e1dc60e4ac44decc2aecc9","datavalue":{"value":"34C60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$91110AB1-87C6-486B-9D62-93F765516799","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5ecf4422b4bdcb52d650b1f66059a372dffc2cb2","datavalue":{"value":"92C60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$540AA879-B4B7-4C13-AC21-875FB84D2E90","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"da4a17a2ec9f7bbeb82810a73a3bc12e94601b52","datavalue":{"value":"34C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$E0463EC5-F92E-4A3D-9B33-1C55657EFA11","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"081a4b535274c822e812aa844182821199bda85b","datavalue":{"value":"34D20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$53DDF4B8-5E9C-4BA9-99EC-6E9EB761FC74","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c16369e906d6302d02668f410d77d723e29ec9f4","datavalue":{"value":"34C23","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$5DE31FAF-A295-4F88-B1AA-FCFB70677A6E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"24e7f2bd64c900ef5d26e0e56a8283600163e2eb","datavalue":{"value":"34D05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$48BD6E04-57FE-480C-BD13-83358C2A95B9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9f896fcbc322f4da683173f410784c05cfe9e768","datavalue":{"value":"92D30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$3498A753-070D-4626-ADB7-A2CED0784E90","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b4b6c7c7e4b8ec3e3555d9cf35e2be6605044392","datavalue":{"value":"34D23","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$4A5C4B52-C363-4695-8009-68D53B24782F","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"18fcb07eccb6d44e726c83fd03e9216b28f85083","datavalue":{"value":"7420398","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$BC16E800-CD8E-4838-B836-4CF9541FB2BF","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$93D2AEF8-8AF0-4AC4-9206-7C02EFA651A6","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"d4bbbe1660a3d8aa3ca543d02e22ac49c3c34d01","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5207152","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$8FD42938-C558-43B3-94B9-11B58505BAA9","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"04abf6620da61e7d732a66618d23535128ce554b","datavalue":{"value":"W3206745271","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$B519537F-21BC-4CB6-A529-5337D5BF7613","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"469c522507d2073530b5c9b843a2fffe278e4c38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2716352,"id":"Q2716352"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$C14A208C-5157-4488-914C-FAB6D6209AFC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1742be9046c7459737fd06e9deb6df98e7da8525","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3514986,"id":"Q3514986"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$94B3377D-923A-4350-AA5E-2519FA1DF987","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fb6b68f223ce99a1a3cfbb7d6f96bc48b7154103","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3143234,"id":"Q3143234"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$838EAEC8-480E-463C-8C92-D07D83887EF0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9d807080158f37e99a198fa0c4c56312d9e53d4e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2307196,"id":"Q2307196"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$2D6C75A0-E888-418F-982D-86F33FAEA155","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"438c84d9b20f8fd6410aed0b0cf2805008902e4e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2025831,"id":"Q2025831"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$A156B00B-AB7B-4338-97EB-3FF0E92C3DD1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"73ffce01922b1cc87d53ceb40f9bc325f42f7b60","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5240293,"id":"Q5240293"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$6F1C9A96-E1C4-4F5E-BADB-4F66BC630D46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c158df86d8c187d6d559d6fef651ea0ff3f4c1d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1069889,"id":"Q1069889"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$9E937C81-9396-4D39-B4A1-78EF88B77559","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8d5eb6175d8a9327f83f3a84c1d479afc730de13","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1735437,"id":"Q1735437"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$F852F783-C4E3-4909-8923-3858DE98EA56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8a0257b71ca7e9a72032b54b288453bcc5f26a05","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2565811,"id":"Q2565811"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$6F97E303-93C3-48DA-A0E0-30D09B08B2EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cb4bf1b73ad22ea0ea8229b3a596872d49e0d890","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4785619,"id":"Q4785619"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$5A1F48E8-3C34-4DD1-B8C7-B6F7FA52CE95","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3f5f79ee809a655aaf37859a31f82d16873d8432","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2453949,"id":"Q2453949"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$A1E4A771-0A96-4D57-8F2C-5D9A19420367","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"88bc9436aaff7e34065c3af0431cdd14c9273f2a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1867107,"id":"Q1867107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$DBCE6F8B-533F-45EC-A828-110A764B9390","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"58681c463fed24a745c2dca2e7e1caaa0a903b53","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4795226,"id":"Q4795226"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$46680C79-BF43-4031-B335-F4698B712EC6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"76b844ff361ea9b3c08305c535cb085edb60538a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2208091,"id":"Q2208091"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$D33C3ACB-16B5-4292-982A-CF73562F5E46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"78d9b36233c3b34798e32725a491972009fa5280","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2045983,"id":"Q2045983"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$7B1F80A7-4378-4651-B905-3D3D1B496ABE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"72ffee1ce429dd4ce215cd84a85d6a31e93aff40","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2668832,"id":"Q2668832"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2b87572bd30790255d80be15b3786177a7ec87a7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.79921954870224","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2240751$7B691273-7D8A-48DC-AD8F-0C7BFAC73B6F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cc058afa919e9963e1d90338da5c31f3ad2bb1e0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1979568,"id":"Q1979568"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e773fa0777da29165d3f77eed0956717238577c9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.778772234916687","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2240751$94FEA9C1-2A73-4AEF-8A60-F6CB9A76032A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4e59091557395590a3616c5de2a742e17791fcec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6174972,"id":"Q6174972"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6e1647d35762171f19beff1cbb8b315f32de9d72","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.77330482006073","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2240751$3CC23AB0-7246-4F4A-A94A-67C7008C6216","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d5d75a79ae3da5cf49b9607d35634801f3948218","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2103107,"id":"Q2103107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"568a6f7c84832e93c61b3f4653568427e7e7948a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7632253766059875","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2240751$240A50EF-0B26-48B2-945C-8B95F3EA1B4B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"580cd9db968e23ce03511a374756316a20400dd7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6173192,"id":"Q6173192"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fef373b7c8c16e89383a7586acc5c231ce189c38","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7629654407501221","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2240751$E29E14E7-6157-411F-8335-DB58045AC565","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2240751$0C6B0C9A-A461-4C1E-B6BB-C131F84DE859","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2240751","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2240751"}}}}}