{"entities":{"Q2255531":{"pageid":2266274,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2255531","lastrevid":72943080,"modified":"2026-04-14T08:54:56Z","type":"item","id":"Q2255531","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Brouwer degree of polynomial maps"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6404296"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$128EC84C-BFDF-44F7-98D5-F2A626A63689","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f9d4312045a91fbbda05fc1b3222303331e86c19","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Brouwer degree of polynomial maps","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$9AC02BE2-30FC-442F-91E1-E21464688A8F","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"ab28203f5e535c9e90716ace40c73bdb9b84eea2","datavalue":{"value":"1311.55003","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$34CD8C27-AD64-4FAA-B66A-169CE5E6ACF6","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0b10e480c2abf804af9e3987505d409e3e76ea8d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":185049,"id":"Q185049"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$C7D1DE3E-1E9A-4096-B656-C2937343C623","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e86411bc3620dc8124cb89edcd421e3125ddbb7b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":657666,"id":"Q657666"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$1CE74FEB-FA3A-42DE-8618-7494B5DF1730","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f547af18a2692ab85e737a33938e3d90c4bee546","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":260070,"id":"Q260070"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$84044CCC-5C84-4A84-BB3A-1958E3308B10","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"0e80a39baade751bfb9216df4d470394594375f2","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2015-02-17T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$D7C9EE11-46E5-408F-9F18-CF796CFF31B2","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"a0325ce275f4426e43228125749eaca4354a9145","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(\\mathbb{F}\\) be a field of characteristic zero. In order to define the Brouwer degree for maps \\(f:\\mathbb{S}^n(\\mathbb{F})\\to\\mathbb{S}^n(\\mathbb{F})\\) or the Hopf degree for \\(\\mathbb{S}^{2n-1}(\\mathbb{F})\\to\\mathbb{S}^n(\\mathbb{F})\\) the authors develop a substitute for the de Rham cohomology by replacing the algebra of smooth functions on the unit ball by a commutative algebra \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) such that \\(\\mathbb{F}[X_1,\\dotsc,X_n]\\subset \\mathcal{A}\\) and the \\(C^\\infty(\\mathbb{B}^n)\\)-free module \\(\\Omega^1(\\mathbb{B}^n)\\) of smooth 1-forms on \\(\\mathbb{B}^n\\) by an \\(\\mathcal{A}\\)-free module \\(\\Omega^1(\\mathcal{A})\\) with an \\(\\mathbb{F}\\)-linear map \\(d:\\mathcal{A}\\to\\Omega^1(\\mathcal{A})\\) such that \\(d(ab)=adb+bda\\) for all \\(a,b\\in\\mathcal{A}\\). Finally, the algebra of real smooth functions on \\(\\mathbb{S}^n\\) is replaced by \\(\\mathcal{B}=\\mathcal[X_0,\\dotsc,X_n]/(\\sum_{j=0}^nX_j^2-1)\\). Then with the exterior powers \\(\\Omega^k(\\mathcal{B})\\) of \\(\\Omega^1(\\mathcal{B})\\) (and similarly for \\(\\mathcal{A}\\)) one constructs the cohomology \\(H^k(\\mathcal{B})\\) and \\(H^k(\\mathcal{A})\\). Let then \\(p_0,\\dotsc,p_n\\in\\mathcal{F}[X_0,\\dotsc,X_n]\\) such that \\(p=(p_0,\\dotsc,p_n):\\mathbb{S}^n(\\mathbb{F})\\to\\mathbb{S}^n(\\mathbb{F})\\). Then one has \\(p^*([\\omega_n])=B(p)[\\omega_n]\\) (where \\(\\omega_n\\) is the usual volume form) for some \\(B(p)\\in\\mathbb{F}\\). The authors prove that \\(B(p)\\), the Brouwer degree of \\(p\\), is an integer. Similarly, they show that for even \\(n\\) the Hopf degree of a polynomial map \\(\\mathbb{S}^{2n-1}(\\mathbb{F})\\to\\mathbb{S}^n(\\mathbb{F})\\) is an integer.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$D583C206-6E36-44DE-8FE2-8AFE398B52DB","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"94c42798c9d32eb64de019410c63dcd41ff0c58a","datavalue":{"value":"55M25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$7BE0492D-C7B9-4F6F-9C01-B7CFD4278E48","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c099529edde920fb61910a609f2bc2e61a808d57","datavalue":{"value":"55Q25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$CFEF0D95-B076-47A2-B9A0-F0AE268AA176","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"008da68294cb90b362fd6e10d9c423d799028dd5","datavalue":{"value":"6404296","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$AB92FCDE-437C-4853-9888-212A30E670EB","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c8149db29ab1a2db3fdc3d253ce38c8da53f9236","datavalue":{"value":"Brouwer degree","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$20BDD416-AB11-4E94-8B5D-CD284FFBC485","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c0d5262bc64954b85da98a6a163135c384f0afe3","datavalue":{"value":"de Rham cohomology","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$8AC3EDBA-E828-4332-81C4-F3B22228EBDC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"26d6e6a1a99e7acfed23b59c52ecac00333552d9","datavalue":{"value":"Hopf degree","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$A48CA2A9-B345-4ECE-8F5B-765AA791F649","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a4d2f54059a1cbc658a850f4ff11cafe894311f9","datavalue":{"value":"polynomial map","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$05F8D386-948F-4747-AB48-B3B4A6BA116C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f35f35742f7bbbc10af005be235d5b4a0c52d4f3","datavalue":{"value":"regular function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$A71A222D-0B3A-47E8-981F-0484B14FF649","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"33b735ebe83b1690a510f00ac390851f6d931590","datavalue":{"value":"Q59398621","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$243203D7-7BFF-4895-82D4-98BC2423CA25","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"4fea8c273f1a6845d0930057e5f06ed705673a6f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1110853,"id":"Q1110853"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$0C17D7BC-32B1-4528-BA56-2A2A435C2140","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$D590C40B-6A00-43F6-939D-5C0A14803E91","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"d119eedea21f0b192b7e2981a68bdc70660a80b5","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40062-013-0050-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$14835984-DF57-4A72-8217-116C7F6655C2","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a8811f45bb64dc21901eeaea2bb60bbe866e1bb1","datavalue":{"value":"W2090927137","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$54F65D2B-CA6D-40D4-BE71-132794565460","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"71b02b59e8f5550247d34d645ec54826f6d63167","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3903156,"id":"Q3903156"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$85603DE0-ECA3-47A0-A5BB-30958CA987B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9fcf579c656500f95e750ba1fb06537f1a25d232","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5658847,"id":"Q5658847"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$B17BB627-298E-44D2-829B-90BC3E79995C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b382f472880b016e43d9d6302711debf2f8b820a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":698066,"id":"Q698066"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$72695EE7-00C7-433E-8F2D-103F2F013433","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4cb6c67e5acfb6402db556a633c64098bba3cf28","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3980399,"id":"Q3980399"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$87C35726-C1EF-41CD-B7FA-0F06DC6772AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"14544628514208993c821d2b6be1bb19800a9171","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4084975,"id":"Q4084975"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$D94D756C-E6DA-43D3-9857-3B145015830C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3055deffa2f8af5c5d096952259a2e7882c95bb8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4129462,"id":"Q4129462"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$18C85947-2FBC-447A-B7B7-243EE846C5CF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"56b5a3a0008fdbb55138fdbaa75d272776ddbbf7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1242354,"id":"Q1242354"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$B6520CF7-C0AF-40CF-96C8-581BD37FE44C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9bf6814775c7a0d3b3f2b798b4cdaae714f5c267","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2541612,"id":"Q2541612"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$4DA1248D-74F6-447B-B714-CF49B5BBA97C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7084f55b1912ec52ed451c418773ecdfca09c7e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4289491,"id":"Q4289491"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$A16EFD15-D39F-4534-B3E5-2F22EC2C4322","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"9e172f15b3c0eb771348233014d2faded09744ac","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S40062-013-0050-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$28850A8E-3CC4-47D6-9E85-0A5792933025","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3c706956788b1e33639eccbe09bd6d0f9c423ea9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3438134,"id":"Q3438134"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ff65b941615c682e65c210477ac1d5712337c245","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.833168089389801","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2255531$BD2DA8C8-F9C2-483D-B3DD-062FA523EC64","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4cbff22c33d9fc03845f74f437c789040f1fd2f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5436330,"id":"Q5436330"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d6d555eadb114b6b0c7c3f776901143b01302869","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8204766511917114","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2255531$A5252CD6-F65F-4E40-B2BC-4EC36AE201FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aca56647f7794e623471f2a188177d50ca360817","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2455389,"id":"Q2455389"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"874bed7cea9b2bd1b0033f280c5f570c8cca5e3c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8171252608299255","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2255531$EFB81DAF-117C-4494-9873-017D66CFE0D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d4f4b1549b368c2140c941c5b0044f9c55f7189d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":657667,"id":"Q657667"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"793b67ef13184a3658a48a00e124d8f6c9d4d912","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7919753789901733","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2255531$7DE00AD9-D96C-4B06-B67B-307DE7758370","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c13865a780984108164526e6193cc3696e2712c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":674707,"id":"Q674707"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"87df7cd622ea51aae18bf12d6abd90b24de431ec","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7324115037918091","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2255531$3A0B88FB-3312-4C4E-A7C6-657BFAB45197","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2255531$1E8B7A06-E971-4010-8CCD-415281DFBF47","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Brouwer degree of polynomial maps","badges":[]}}}}}