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For a finitely generated graded \\(R\\)-module \\(M\\) let \\(F_i = \\bigoplus_j S(-j)^{\\beta_{i,j}(M)}\\) denote the \\(i\\)-th free module in a minimal free resolution of \\(M\\) as \\(S\\)-module. That is \\(\\beta_{i,j}(M) = \\text{Tor}_S^i(k,M)_j.\\) Write \\(\\beta(M)\\) for the Betti diagram of \\(M\\) considered as an element of the vector space \\(\\bigoplus_j \\bigoplus_{i=0}^p \\mathbb Q, p = \\text{projdim} M,\\) with coordinates \\(\\beta_{i,j}(M).\\) The image of the set of finitely generated graded \\(S\\)-modules forms in \\(\\bigoplus_j \\bigoplus_{i=0}^p \\mathbb Q\\) a subsemigroup. Furthermore, the restriction to any subsemigroup of \\(S\\)-modules is also a semigroup. A degree sequence is an integral vector \\(d = (d_0,\\dots,d_p) \\in \\mathbb N^{p+1},\\) where \\(d_i < d_{i+1}.\\) Fix two degree sequences \\(\\underline{d}, \\overline{d}\\) of length \\(p\\) such that \\(\\underline{d}_i \\leq \\overline{d}_i\\) for all \\(i.\\) The author considers the semigroup \\(\\mathcal Z\\) of graded \\(S\\)-modules \\(M\\) such that (1) \\(M\\) is of projective dimension \\(\\leq p,\\) and (2) the Betti number \\(\\beta_{i,j}(M)\\) is nonzero only if \\(i \\leq p\\) and \\(\\underline{d}_i \\leq j \\leq \\overline{d}_i.\\) The main objects of the author's investigations are (1) \\(B_{mod } = B_{mod }(\\underline{d},\\overline{d}) = \\text{Im} \\beta |_{\\mathcal Z}\\), (2) \\(B_{\\mathbb Q},\\) the positive rational cone over the semigroup of Betti diagrams, and (3) the semigroup of virtual Betti diagrams \\(B_{\\mathbb N}\\) defind as the semigroup of lattice points in \\(B_{\\mathbb Q}.\\)  The author's main results are summarized as follows: (1) The semigroup of Betti diagrams \\(B_{mod }\\) is finitely generated. (2) \\(B_{\\mathbb N} = B_{mod }\\) for projective dimension 1 and for projective dimension 2 level modules. (3) By examples the author shows that for projective dimension grater than 2 the semigroups \\(N_{\\mathbb N}\\) and \\(B_{mod }\\) diverge. In particular,  \\[  E_{\\alpha} = \\begin{pmatrix} 2 + \\alpha & 3 & 2 & - \\\\ - & 5+6\\alpha & 7+8\\alpha & 3+3\\alpha \\end{pmatrix} \\]  is not the Betti diagram of a module for any \\(\\alpha \\in \\mathbb N,\\) while each \\(E_{\\alpha}\\) belongs to the cone of Betti diagrams. The author's investigations give a deep insight into the fine structure of Betti diagrams. They are based on the recent work of \\textit{M. Boij} and \\textit{J. S\u00f6derberg} [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 78, No. 1, 85--106 (2008; Zbl 1189.13008) and ``Betti numbers of graded modules and the multiplicity conjecture in the non-Cohen-Macaulay case'', \\url{arXiv:0803.1645}], \\textit{D. Eisenbud, G. Floystadt} and \\textit{J. Weyman} [``Betti numbers of graded modules and cohomology of vector bundles'', arXiv:0712.1843] and \\textit{D. Eisenbud} and \\textit{F.-O. Schreyer} [``Cohomology of coherent sheaves and series of supernatural bundles'', 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