{"entities":{"Q2296603":{"pageid":2307346,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2296603","lastrevid":57282210,"modified":"2026-03-27T20:31:14Z","type":"item","id":"Q2296603","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Price discrimination in dynamic Cournot competition"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7169009"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$E55B3864-BD36-472F-BB5D-CE7F74A6C6D5","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"a352b5d5441dae9d06abc11231eac14b180e72d9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Price discrimination in dynamic Cournot competition","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$0CD2F3DB-C525-40FA-BB9F-ED9BDE65077B","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"623967aa384f03ebb43fa0d6e2ad19bd82ed50ce","datavalue":{"value":"1453.91067","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$A4F238AA-FDF0-44F4-844C-FBCF7E1E3A5A","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"d40d23a7915030f1e896b61b426578115bc8ba3f","datavalue":{"value":"10.1155/2019/9231582","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$484DA970-D4DC-4E8D-B04B-C64574719317","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"069e84ff9934c93173cb22cb014729e2b7b32442","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2296602,"id":"Q2296602"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$AAEA131F-1B23-4A19-98F4-CC20D3A0240B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2ec6931f882684d24ae3a145f68b443585b7a5fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":311343,"id":"Q311343"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$A6D0B7C0-1D5F-4FE5-B2B4-07C06A779904","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d8e845038dcd698850479028413314dd5b96eb30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":681325,"id":"Q681325"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$73905386-7627-477A-9A47-8E9B5B410723","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e5ea7bc024fe2946ca15646035f056e2ab96db7a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":169945,"id":"Q169945"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$4E9FAC48-9F5B-41BB-A69F-5A8AF763E13F","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"05c57a87dbc53c05445a3141681500035fc1e9f8","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2020-02-18T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$E12B6B1D-F6B3-4169-971B-7EB814319571","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"38c20a2a69a1549786a0f8fbb8b5193c70e0af37","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: This paper introduces a new Cournot duopoly game and gives an applied study for price discrimination in a market by dynamic methods. One of two oligopolies has two different prices for a homogeneous product, while the other charges one kind of price. It is found that there is only one stable equilibrium for the discrete dynamic system, and a corresponding stable condition is given. Using a discriminative price is not always beneficial to a firm in equilibrium. If both oligopolies carry out price discrimination, the market's average price is lower than when only one oligopoly does it. The results are verified by numerical simulations.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$1FD16AD0-3683-442B-B441-CB2B90239493","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f7629968a6ebb41d4236586e82fbb2dc918f5eed","datavalue":{"value":"91B54","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$67D87729-7C06-4FA1-B935-E4486A0C30F6","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"3f7ffa1c06bff63a05dab797f54eb21097bba537","datavalue":{"value":"7169009","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$92B17B49-CEAF-494E-9736-8E3F1917B267","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$B1645710-CDA4-4C12-A43F-67C5D67E3493","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"cf454f5dc7be7de14a9c09ed7d8641c2bfe08f24","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9231582","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$6ACE6FB5-AC6B-4FEC-B092-48A894FF4C9A","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"248e0d2dc2c9230708f2ffc6253f96b5b1b44d39","datavalue":{"value":"W2955857593","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$86AFAD90-867D-4D04-80DF-ED673C11A674","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"817400d2d66da0c3566c0d9be29d5bac663b45b6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1252147,"id":"Q1252147"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$086850F8-A6FD-4044-91C7-3381788F45D0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"772457327c7e47ff7c393ca922af3e2941e71487","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1196738,"id":"Q1196738"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$8380F492-014D-4923-9822-8F54F8E0067D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a2c89aa46643467df958f6053b6a11d7c70c90ec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1573903,"id":"Q1573903"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$F65EFF15-56C9-4287-A2A1-97592666B287","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7e23879a8f8cf8fc46a9119fe1617fe074aaa3f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1088928,"id":"Q1088928"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$7987BAD6-C876-4B56-87C9-4FAF7B937448","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"853cd41a3ebfe8e4b5a32987616e6f4ca6c8e655","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3701154,"id":"Q3701154"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$99B0DDD3-F492-40A6-88DC-A120DCB4E415","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9df900d4320418bf1c2da24c2236c0d9a05c82cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":844910,"id":"Q844910"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$F69A0D4B-283D-4E63-B4F4-C66632549ED6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4284038bb1b457b898baa87f99d311b1b9117a11","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1034663,"id":"Q1034663"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$AD120433-E0F0-4E6C-9E85-DD729C47EFB0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bac839259ed54b58e008e7999f23506064234593","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":979152,"id":"Q979152"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$62E5EA9E-D867-433B-ABCF-449E6296CF29","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"74ad6b1359acc9fea1c4d0ce8bd6b437d435444b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":415241,"id":"Q415241"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$9CB81F79-08A5-4A8D-B704-5F8ADB090C15","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"34e6122a1c3e8a952ba2df85ced6ee21e6d8d8cd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1426194,"id":"Q1426194"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$305017F9-4A15-4DA7-A42F-3EB23F4C9357","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8fdd406b4ffc9e4168c35f94eaf7dbff6276028d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":623049,"id":"Q623049"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$3B526981-E448-444F-B2AF-751D4713DA7B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"930f48d6019ea4ffc851cf8dc3660acfc13dd5b2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":718320,"id":"Q718320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$62AF5F00-38B9-492F-BD48-5D236F93536E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4d3e94189de05612d8352e3a0eb90904af618548","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4504056,"id":"Q4504056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$654EC597-2662-4B96-A771-6E6C18DA6F23","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"27cfabc918cdea4dfa686219e57da061271b6266","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1734319,"id":"Q1734319"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$8230FE66-9AA2-4DA3-8F1C-09F80555350B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"59ad582c71e4f51b0aeb28aa7d909877f977d2a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1929490,"id":"Q1929490"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$5A4CA087-4A75-4364-B458-E958A390D772","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9e8fcb87a23212b2c273cef96f862e5843444021","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":617557,"id":"Q617557"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$30E32577-724B-435C-BECF-24C1C5F19BB0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"99ee5183d632c5dff58d96fac6ea52ae9b493100","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2440394,"id":"Q2440394"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$47F718C0-8E4E-4A76-99C9-008964D4FCDE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4c680bf138b977461c7e5c317cf0e4151521ec7c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":694888,"id":"Q694888"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$0E86AD62-092C-454C-89EF-FFEA614A1DA0","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8fcd09300011617186a6fb5440aab2532bd5ae2b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2440394,"id":"Q2440394"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0be374cb842fe40960c6fccee8b3636e3063b922","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8569753766059875","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2296603$4EEA5F1F-1B49-437F-80F4-EF8E035A8ECA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"074781b4a8e43057cb6ae58a8534d859bc48a41a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5196565,"id":"Q5196565"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"79057e6447a35af9120fcee3993c14ffd6ed2a46","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8104308247566223","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2296603$B5D59895-FF17-4F9C-829C-C58D85CF0055","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f6d956bcb6ddeebcfb475ef0995a175f08caa0c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2332765,"id":"Q2332765"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"819a43f96fbf0401b9f55c3636b9bb6863e5a1af","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8060478568077087","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2296603$DC15C20F-EA24-4E51-B343-FF146C337D24","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7af9cbe20bfcc1e51cb94048a4c7dbd1634f36dd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3773660,"id":"Q3773660"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c9e1ba6b2690068d1de84389d206579104118c7f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8042339086532593","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2296603$6282F9FC-9907-4257-B5B6-FAB4A6C468F1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4f5243db0aebe59d0cc771cbad458a7b27d97ccd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1929490,"id":"Q1929490"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a88501c3457532bba04f900209d22021d3ea592a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7993802428245544","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2296603$D3A386E6-E697-4D57-91E9-5A88E25444C9","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2296603$4B4817F1-480E-46F9-852F-E7973C1F7D4F","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2296603","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2296603"}}}}}