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They assume that the dynamics of an asset's price \\(s\\) is given by the stochastic differential equation of Black-Scholes type: \\[ ds=s(r dt + \\sigma(t)dW), \\] where \\(\\sigma\\) is an unknown volatility function. There are available observation of the prices of derivative financial instruments, which (according to the Feynaman-Kac formula) are given by the solution \\(u(t,s)\\) to the partial differential equation \\[ \\frac{\\partial u}{\\partial t} = sr\\frac{\\partial u}{\\partial s} + \\frac{s^2 \\sigma ^2}{2}\\frac{\\partial^2 u}{\\partial s^2} - ru. \\] To estimate volatility function \\(\\sigma\\) the authors propose to minimize a functional measuring the distance between observed prices of the derivative financial instruments, \\(g(t)\\) and the theoretical prices, obtained from the solution of the PDE: \\[ \\min_{\\sigma} \\int_0^T \\left( u(t,s(t)) - g(t) \\right)^2 dt. \\] To this end the authors propose a numerical algorithm based on the modified gradient descent method.  At the end the authors gives an example of the usage of the proposed 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