{"entities":{"Q2305496":{"pageid":2316239,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2305496","lastrevid":57839013,"modified":"2026-04-02T18:18:33Z","type":"item","id":"Q2305496","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Graphs admitting only constant splines"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7179062"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$87ADB641-BB00-4748-8DCD-F2C5B7EE3CF6","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"3c07fe18e8e4621240b7f92c09c3d329e3fd22d8","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Graphs admitting only constant splines","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$C28CE104-CD9D-4563-AECD-9DB7971A15AB","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"6bc5af9daf0d19cde99cb6ecb29270d5a73afe27","datavalue":{"value":"1481.13014","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$E8F5D5D7-05C7-4E83-818E-24B1B7A2B3EA","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c9692cbbeb3bef231b315580225cd5c4993e3ebe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1715619,"id":"Q1715619"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$48EE1DA9-1734-47A3-BB67-10CC4BEA3DF8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4afa6e527a86aa132722f04b473557e3967919c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":184990,"id":"Q184990"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$29D13DAB-25B2-4CB8-82E1-076F7FF5E245","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"5395e9ad12d96597661cf36c3651e9856faf35f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":737968,"id":"Q737968"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$33040BF5-FC10-4080-8835-372B86561C55","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e940893a82e9c79c50c09364dd82a4d8de6ee024","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":330468,"id":"Q330468"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$A4C42D45-401F-4529-BB05-DEF124754155","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4c8a600d459c6f531184c261888d76ebbe674430","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":851490,"id":"Q851490"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$41A2FC1C-A342-4488-9C76-590BB8968984","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"edf18db5439a683e98eaf3205ba65f05cfd68a4d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161301,"id":"Q161301"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$FD422293-597A-4265-8AAC-9012FA8954C6","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"81f4a5ee7c1731f39515e281bd32c73fcf5bb8ab","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$7564BD71-43A0-4140-A513-4D4DD82D2BCB","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"844f43c538444a1b173565cf788dc878822a42c1","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.11515","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$3CC56686-188C-4F6D-828F-82F9A4F47A85","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"3374c5e820ae7e9803a2760d937c25b3f3ec67ff","datavalue":{"value":"Splines appear in a surprising number of different guises throughout the literature on pure and applied mathematics. On the one hand, splines are a classical topic in numerical analysis [\\textit{M.-J. Lai} and \\textit{L. L. Schumaker}, Spline functions on triangulations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2007; Zbl 1185.41001) ] and computer-aided geometric design [\\textit{G. Farin}, Curves and surfaces for computer aided geometric design. A practical guide. Boston etc.: Academic Press (1990; Zbl 0702.68004)]. On the other hand, splines appear in a quite different way as equivariant cohomology rings of topological spaces with a torus action via GKM theory [\\textit{M. Goresky} et al., Invent. Math. 131, No. 1, 25--83 (1998; Zbl 0897.22009)]. A nice (and accessible) survey of this latter perspective appears in [\\textit{J. Tymoczko}, Comput. Aided Geom. Des. 45, 32--47 (2016; Zbl 1418.41013)].  Generalized splines on graphs, introduced in [\\textit{S. Gilbert} et al., Pac. J. Math. 281, No. 2, 333--364 (2016; Zbl 1331.05183)], provide a unifying perspective for splines arising in different contexts. More precisely, suppose we are given a graph \\(G=(V,E)\\), a commutative ring \\(R\\) with unit, and a map \\(\\alpha: E\\to I(R)\\), where \\(I(R)\\) is the set of ideals of \\(R\\) (\\(\\alpha\\) is called an \\textit{edge labeling}). A \\textit{spline} on the edge-labeled graph \\((G,\\alpha)\\) is a vertex labeling \\(p:V\\to R\\) satisfying that if \\(e=\\{u,v\\}\\) is an edge of \\(G\\), then \\(p(u)-p(v)\\in\\alpha(e)\\). By an appropriate choice of ring, graph, and edge-labeling, one may recover classical splines or the equivariant cohomology rings of GKM theory.  In the paper under review, the authors focus on the ring structure of \\(S_R(G,\\alpha)\\). The main result, inspiring the title of the paper, is a combinatorial characterization in Theorem~3.5 of those edge-labeled graphs which only admit constant splines (a \\textit{constant spline} \\(p:V\\to R\\) takes the same value at every vertex). The characterization works for rings of the form \\(R\\cong \\bigoplus_{i=1}^k R_i\\), where \\(R_1,\\ldots,R_k\\) are irreducible (a ring is \\textit{irreducible} if the intersection of any two non-zero ideals is non-zero). The result is reminiscent of sparsity conditions in rigidity [\\textit{A. Frank} and \\textit{L. Szeg\u0151}, Discrete Appl. Math. 131, No. 2, 347--371 (2003; Zbl 1022.05071)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$DB7D6400-265D-43F6-B7E6-3E5548B19C0A","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1b43e52c6bcc78af0987fd1d69d2d986ba66510b","datavalue":{"value":"13A70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$95ADBDDA-5506-420A-BBE0-2BC562B43FCA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"74e7832a915a62c417a3bf8c026eff5989fd94d3","datavalue":{"value":"05C25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$67CB6A8E-B876-45A3-A6E9-92B123EE1B7B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5333d0205ccf54f8482367bfadbaa8f4afc5f8fb","datavalue":{"value":"05C78","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$DBDAFFA3-04DE-474C-866A-15A90E05B59C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a18d4cf36603fe699f6a4d1486a254d9514d558a","datavalue":{"value":"41A15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$788874B2-7E04-4CF0-B327-FD17CF1A60E0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"28b7851f2e6ddd6d5a8713c10e9e8c483421cf99","datavalue":{"value":"7179062","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$1F9C7B5B-D2EF-4235-8524-2E250ABD2323","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0f9c0e5b990fbc3620ca4bfb940132073c8a2efa","datavalue":{"value":"splines","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$3314704A-3839-4595-8166-3C40FB49B5B5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"dd89b9d8d94dd8f1f6def9fdf77522ef5c061daa","datavalue":{"value":"generalized graph splines","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$F94CD543-239E-4881-8E2A-075EC8997A4F","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"3b735a3b262616b77876c7277b0bad06fb933fa4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1669187,"id":"Q1669187"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$C765F6E5-9BE5-4B01-95B1-619059953DC9","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$D7114075-EFEA-454A-86D9-190137F779F0","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"d719359dfbcc539bfabba56fbb94a8f4f93e5a5f","datavalue":{"value":"W2885694487","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$9625C70B-9A15-45AA-95CF-B6EB59EE129C","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ee625b83711867930cd2d706cd2cbe52f25041e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1103799,"id":"Q1103799"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$D0C6FF5E-1F1A-49B1-BDFF-D21E99AE447E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f467eda756c15b15838c1f6a5e3fdcc474eda4a9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3806660,"id":"Q3806660"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$66B4ACFA-E16A-4031-9357-663FDCE97ED5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8d48b77ee4212f50546fb3d098c3ee0df6a848fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2277525,"id":"Q2277525"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$03C6AC5A-D4DD-40E5-9870-DA6208963B09","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"28887d594489ad63013d3a5da5f074fea2835d60","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":915042,"id":"Q915042"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$BCF576A6-09EE-4649-B8A9-C903AD5528DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7ff0064c33a49147289d4975d489d49fca51b06d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":510065,"id":"Q510065"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$AA7BC152-DB6C-413D-94D4-F7823D732D80","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c04a8e3d2574a26c344683f9512953390b9e9fe8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5962783,"id":"Q5962783"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$A9ABFDB3-E3ED-4905-B618-336F92D19B61","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b94e6ed18355bd681f24fcca2977ee7af65d3010","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1385163,"id":"Q1385163"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$6D818894-C012-429F-94A8-25AC4DE1B33B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7a0af23ab458891b106030aa5e7b8322121c4a24","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1847822,"id":"Q1847822"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$36D8C50B-73C2-46A8-86F0-EFF9AC075EC9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"96440c2f6a7de82f68a3e35b45d19857590ec40b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2726329,"id":"Q2726329"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$AE43D0CF-4F47-4DDC-92B6-7591D76250B8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"94d3195707bbefcc1a79ca28c69d9674714d050b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1869024,"id":"Q1869024"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$175A5B5B-8098-460E-AD27-ABC0E6BE037D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e6ade4eb5a46e6f38d313f790a2cebdcc4510e08","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1431023,"id":"Q1431023"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$05E25779-16D7-4D26-835D-81B1DF5EF5D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"02187cc5352e736cfbb49a72471d48b97297061b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3594658,"id":"Q3594658"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$3617E93D-B7B6-4B65-8150-CABC6708A282","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4e4161a11a5c078315b114c790610a93e3ed9c9e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":818007,"id":"Q818007"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$A1EADDA7-4E90-4280-90FA-5C8387E3143F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ba050e0449805a1c3ff34ee25eb95068e608e1bc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4772194,"id":"Q4772194"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$4BC8354F-E87A-4F43-AC46-4FFABBD216D8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d82c481a5e72cdbe16f863462e2d9c33e00619c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1632478,"id":"Q1632478"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$15276152-FB9E-4312-A098-F950956EA404","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dfffdf93ca9278e550ddd47c55552a2c377ee602","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1932768,"id":"Q1932768"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$583172FC-257D-417A-AD8A-91CB4D3DC74B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"5c14140ddba452a984ce5c4a49085a7b11dc55c3","datavalue":{"value":"10.2140/PJM.2020.304.385","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2305496$7F17DA4A-7C36-40FF-BD29-95686AABD118","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aadf761bd5ab6cd4f13de3c9ffbda1169aed7f5a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":510065,"id":"Q510065"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"982f7efd8312e797138c1bf3a9c7d86ee71251d3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8021361231803894","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2305496$D16C1F67-C34C-468F-BE69-3FD4696C2670","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"af2958058fbfe3009a6bf5ad6e99601bf093a2b2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5962783,"id":"Q5962783"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cd47e568d6eb7c08b0b097b3ae5188f92a1f6437","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7866337895393372","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2305496$2CFA8C8B-185F-492D-AC3D-0DEFEB1230DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"58ffa7ce96c2480eface65b7aa55f4fd48920c5a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2092364,"id":"Q2092364"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7907083946bfc272edc4d5f21d66bdacbb332e59","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7713505029678345","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2305496$76FE7F12-B580-4DA6-8B54-BD6326672398","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f937f0f562223af0107b8f9ee83d140511f882c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2214068,"id":"Q2214068"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c2cae30969f75b3d5db463ad38dac6cdb4806732","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7493199706077576","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2305496$A89F3128-01A3-4132-B4E6-00DD0272B45C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3b1b96a6639a8c3f9dd4286c28ad60305e668014","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5864094,"id":"Q5864094"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"60e4f98115d6cb3c2da4f23df316187ae256f97c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7457924485206604","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2305496$E4C0AC3C-7BA1-441D-8698-06E132EC3C3B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2305496","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2305496"}}}}}