{"entities":{"Q2316857":{"pageid":2327600,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2316857","lastrevid":53495819,"modified":"2026-01-25T01:27:19Z","type":"item","id":"Q2316857","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"International R\\&D rivalry with spillovers and tariff policies"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7089473"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$3730EB22-A7CC-4614-8781-B4A761A2FF90","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"3d1f578661029ebfa8c98d207dfe304eeabef165","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"International R\\&D rivalry with spillovers and tariff policies","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$AE2E9222-27DF-4FA4-8CED-256C19B969C1","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"5819cf9b9bc8921074ae4f980decbc5aa5b0f153","datavalue":{"value":"1418.91312","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$DAAF8BC6-34BB-4C39-827F-AE820B678745","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c080cdb10e298de03bb5576b2a519b03012ed849","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2316856,"id":"Q2316856"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$94C131FD-151D-4AD6-AA1F-C84A9B8223C2","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"9e0aa0b65c1dc2c2fc076bdf94aeec22df5e7c0c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":162094,"id":"Q162094"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$19A190B9-291D-429B-8A10-DDE387912947","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"b89a172af9b96e2227fb38a4341faca4f16d6baf","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-08-07T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$B08B8229-C5B3-41AB-AFB5-630831C2EDA3","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"453a23bd57d8b0c83e47cbec950323491f16f964","datavalue":{"value":"http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/84886","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$CC30D3E3-34C5-49B6-B595-7D4312E5B4F4","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"29f701c18513c43d785d45fcadeab216f9660423","datavalue":{"value":"91B60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$1A9D6FC1-6E3F-4944-8C2B-3AD077A17C11","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3c41ac41d6e70ec19c64bdeedb4a0e69dd9ac054","datavalue":{"value":"91B38","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$F8223E53-045D-4BA0-9926-80D31421FBAF","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"114a01d7ae80e466e3d07c38b9dd78307bce93f7","datavalue":{"value":"7089473","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$DA7134B0-356B-46CE-911D-978CADDA9D8A","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"83593d6c7116d9b827fc712430a1f897beb17d8e","datavalue":{"value":"R\\&D spillovers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$A1A4ED82-1BF5-48D9-A308-B5A6021C2008","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"643ce7014082fe754506d595dc41b11b615547de","datavalue":{"value":"uniform tariffs","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$91ABBC41-16F6-4FCB-B30D-EAD9036B1F85","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b65192e2e0b8d96577e67933a0040af81821f7a7","datavalue":{"value":"discriminatory tariffs","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$12542F12-2886-41BD-A804-F1E6A1E89EFA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5e2c1367415372bc98d1e67b16507f0fdf603b3c","datavalue":{"value":"free trade","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$58E46CD7-1CA7-4A4A-AA4D-FB4B63DC3A49","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"b5381d4e140a60ef8fe4bd968376783d8f89415d","datavalue":{"value":"Q115146096","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$BD2600D1-3298-4A43-A2AF-27C4AB820803","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$E28ACC7D-444B-4498-80E5-C2110D0BDDD1","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"861e0625e2cc71b9a5daee2fd0f7519d040493dc","datavalue":{"value":"W1997583511","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$4F270CD0-4299-41D4-8EDB-920A8A89CE63","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"71ff692a581714b41f4109cf7e792e5c0a78da05","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":698260,"id":"Q698260"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$46B150D9-EC18-481D-A96C-516127B1939B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d71c0510d7e9bf5ec023e6f3aac8c04a7f8675c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":698211,"id":"Q698211"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$FA6117ED-07DE-4693-81E6-99B02E58C454","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"21e4bb68ef99861feaaef0e66bde6279edafb9e7","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S11079-007-9021-0","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2316857$C86C05A6-EECA-42F1-8268-E4A0BDBE66DF","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6892e5e0961a1285aedf45570018a71ec63af481","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4368663,"id":"Q4368663"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1ba0cd9fe4d021cccf1949ac1a2107cdf1660c92","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8246986269950867","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2316857$CC0A64C0-84D5-4A0F-8F23-7EE39B0BCF5F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f5378ac50b62ea4cca58d668b90b2da132a920ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1275451,"id":"Q1275451"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"271b5663696218182bdc5ed5e3a8b34600a00254","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8228033185005188","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2316857$A416FDE3-7BB2-403F-BB81-44DD812D8337","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c795a9662067930fbed8d8ac8b9a6edf84ebf8d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1391434,"id":"Q1391434"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"af64a08235060edb4637c2124614f54a33893d31","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7594772577285767","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2316857$E3162AC3-BE0B-4C35-A1F2-AF42D1889857","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"96948158cb219fd3206190ed3f6cc8ba2dc64a8c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1395582,"id":"Q1395582"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9a6dd4ecabc890a45d4570c5fae6860919f69f47","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7382214665412903","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2316857$5624CB57-4715-4B03-B39D-F2EAB007AAF7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1d0c744d2760cdd6a56c1905ef2bdd611bc9bff3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4433586,"id":"Q4433586"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"50b1f185c62e775bc38fb1e4c2aea4631e222a5e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7355352640151978","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2316857$8C7C428D-E95C-46DD-BAB3-1DDA4FBDA24B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2316857","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2316857"}}}}}