{"entities":{"Q2338618":{"pageid":2349361,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2338618","lastrevid":57859740,"modified":"2026-04-02T20:23:15Z","type":"item","id":"Q2338618","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Optimal Littlewood-Offord inequalities in groups"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7134837"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$17F3FDAA-E5B7-4B62-A764-1D619606FEDD","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"1cc7b7d888f33285d4e93ab35ba877066657e048","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Optimal Littlewood-Offord inequalities in groups","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$DBAE57C2-CCD5-4C3B-A844-0BD77A721086","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"624e4b2ec3e59e12ea81245bfb2065a3af6713c7","datavalue":{"value":"1485.60008","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$DEA56E17-E720-4DFF-9C51-424D30A7D01C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ff669a48c47dbd9992e477ac1ba0226b71fd5de9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2338617,"id":"Q2338617"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$0083E095-BC9F-4F4F-960F-A1A62CF1DC65","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"edb3df7799deed6868f9781f5343ba87632d9049","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":510302,"id":"Q510302"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$A9FC8DB7-2312-4E01-B652-ADF723DD3029","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"a87e84d22579e69c48ca0a6d828473db4dde3dd6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168579,"id":"Q168579"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$2A52CF26-7A9C-4F3B-9322-9267995C6805","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"df8a8a76ae09508c8444c01bbacb33e3edfbee9a","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-11-21T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$D7DDA1BF-A1A3-4959-985D-473A3AA630C1","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"750c3d845a5687a5bbc2a6025602080f1738df61","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.01085","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$89C80FD4-8D14-489F-8473-05A41B0CF315","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"f5d2b0088dde9d77fde3c8a9230abacc59dde41b","datavalue":{"value":"The paper under review proves several Littlewood-Offord type inequalities in arbitrary groups. \\textit{J. E. Littlewood} and \\textit{A. C. Offord} [Mat. Sb., Nov. Ser. 12(54), 277--286 (1943; Zbl 0061.01801)] proved a bound for the probability that a sum of random signs with non-zero weights hits a point which is asymptotically optimal up to a logarithmic factor. Let \\(V_n=\\{g_1, \\dots, g_n\\}\\) be a set of non-identity elements of an arbitrary group \\(G\\), and \\(X_i\\) be independent random variables that are each distributed on a two-element set \\(\\{g_i, g_i^{-1}\\}\\). Define \\[\\rho (V_n) = \\sup_{g\\in G} P(X_1\\star \\cdots \\star X_n = g).\\]  If \\(G= (R, +)\\) is an additive group of real numbers, then \\(X_i = \\varepsilon_i\\) on \\(\\{\\pm 1\\}\\) for \\(g_i =1\\) for all \\(i\\). The Littlewood-Offord result shows that \\(\\rho (V_n) = O(\\frac{\\log n}{\\sqrt{n}})\\). Using Sperner's theorem from finite set combinatorics, Erd\u0151s proved that \\(\\rho (V_n) \\le \\frac{{\\binom{n}{[n/2]}}}{2^n}\\), and this bound is optimal and can be achieved. \\textit{J. R. Griggs} [Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 28, No. 2, 329--333 (1993; Zbl 0797.11079)] showed a similar optimal bound for finite cyclic groups \\(\\mathbb Z_m\\). For the matrix group \\(\\mathrm{GL}_d(C)\\) with \\(m, d, n \\ge 2\\), \\textit{P. H. Tiep} and \\textit{V. H. Vu} [Adv. Math. 302, 1233--1250 (2016; Zbl 1346.05295)] proved \\(\\rho (V_n) \\le 141 \\max \\{\\frac{1}{m}, \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{n}}\\}\\). \\par The authors of the paper under review show that for any \\(A \\subset G\\) with odd or infinite order \\[P(X_1\\star \\cdots \\star X_n \\in A) \\le P(\\varepsilon_1+ \\cdots + \\varepsilon_n \\in (-k, k]_m),\\] i.e., Theorem 1 holds and is optimal in the case that \\(G\\) contains an element of order \\(m\\). For \\(g_i\\) of order \\(\\ge m\\ge 2\\), \\(\\rho (V_n) \\le \\frac{2}{m} + \\sqrt{\\frac{2}{n \\pi}} \\le 3 \\max \\{\\frac{1}{m}, \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{n}}\\}\\). Theorem 1 is proved in Section 3 with a simple group theoretic lemma on countings. The simple random walk on \\(\\mathbb Z_m\\) for odd \\(m\\) converges to the uniform distribution on \\(\\mathbb Z_m\\) and \\[\\rho (V_n) = P (\\varepsilon_1+ \\cdots + \\varepsilon_n \\in (-1, 1]_m) = (1+ o(1)) \\sqrt{\\frac{2}{n \\pi}} .\\] Theorem 3 shows that \\(\\sup_{g\\in G}P (X_i=g) \\le \\frac{1}{2}\\). It is well known that the distribution of the sum of the independent uniform random distribution is asymptotic uniform in \\(\\mathbb Z_m\\) and \\(P(X_1\\star \\cdots \\star X_n = g)\\le \\frac{1}{m} + o(1)\\). The proofs follow in the same spirit of \\textit{D. J. Kleitman} [Adv. Math. 5, 155--157 (1970; Zbl 0195.40703)] in his solution to the Littlewood-Offord problem in arbitrary dimensions. Section 2 presents an open problem in a conjecture for elements of \\(G\\) with even orders. The authors hope that Theorem 1 and Theorem 3 hold, in order to complete this problem.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$78939048-F2F9-4F9E-AA55-2E47F548BF52","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c33def852ac10907f4986a9ec14e41d92759a10c","datavalue":{"value":"60B15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$5C1B31F7-E848-4B64-860D-AD39F5EDFFC4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"505dab9721154d1029d881b944cbf9d233b6d0c1","datavalue":{"value":"05D40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$744BA343-2478-430D-B647-472331A3E2C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ef9852cdcd91e46926999d497f49e0eb30ab1aec","datavalue":{"value":"20P05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$A4B16D2A-4403-4AF4-8E00-B9BC8727DAC6","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5b49c854bf106ae4487e3cf120a3b6bf27c5a558","datavalue":{"value":"7134837","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$C59AF3B2-42A9-4786-B97B-07A3EDF79441","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e0495d4a78d78cd34c0b3392570cd686baaa9ab1","datavalue":{"value":"Littlewood-Offord problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$56E3F741-CD30-4AC8-9E47-ED4264C34224","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"18c42de41f3c94716175d79e3c102bb7e3ce2cb4","datavalue":{"value":"finite group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$4FBB9BEA-AA0C-455B-BA9C-4A095FA2366E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"31f8f7f377834ee4eb0cc443bfde0df85ccc32c9","datavalue":{"value":"matrix group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$CF402ED2-1622-48BD-8E30-87ABF2B4BE6C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"15f48ed4787baedea8f978808eba84ed180892c1","datavalue":{"value":"uniform distribution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$65DD722E-5828-4F44-8112-6103C58AC728","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ace4c816bd792f284133d313cccd21d7cd31ce3c","datavalue":{"value":"discrete random variables","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$26306870-C06B-41EE-9257-3F341B369B36","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$28DE6B86-D3BE-4A6C-990C-052107E4A417","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"ae851ed8f693304650b2cab88da8915cbf926bf7","datavalue":{"value":"W2963028387","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$6AC816EF-0BC1-431A-85B4-8AAA9551787A","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"cef76a776ec78899cdf7a30ba1ab31c993293661","datavalue":{"value":"Q128421931","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$CBF9EC73-E895-46B3-85C5-E9A34907482F","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"1623d6c7abdf07671105dfaa1697a5ec12ca23cc","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00493-018-3845-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2338618$1207E7CF-83A6-4CD4-81B5-FD338D4978F5","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6ffcdc7a02b64f3319f575f6b88d57c70c6ac04e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6073633,"id":"Q6073633"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2ea5878f1a0e637b32065a87e4a98194d9236976","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.797711193561554","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2338618$746A6932-D459-4B78-9D1F-3357CDFCBEDB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"31ef00b169cf7172297184d3f193f711678fec70","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":633617,"id":"Q633617"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c49bff7a5e2569d07fc02e06d602b91ccc819f1d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7947190403938293","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2338618$2BAE6EC4-5FA4-422A-B320-AEC9A46421E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"15f8ccf74eef518008be9f2b5431efed1df5e6fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2166270,"id":"Q2166270"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"eaaa92139fed48b2886be8913814842f37b9bffe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7889238595962524","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2338618$E017B88E-E12C-44B8-845C-7EE5A03C65FB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7d56bfae5eb967433e98d34a984fcc4a8b43d7ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2910952,"id":"Q2910952"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"164a19a98d615a6bbe38faefc8d494c256eaf363","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7798157334327698","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2338618$F355ABA8-C3A5-49C9-849F-571167D1EF75","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2e003bab2941afaaeeb2e00f2ce77b94fcb7d0fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":317353,"id":"Q317353"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f3406a4ca04a85da1b9383e9dc4435d030c21fdc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7685043215751648","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2338618$848165DC-F55F-4F82-A9EA-DF4753A998DC","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2338618","badges":[]}}}}}