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For a given smooth manifold, the authors construct a 3-cohomology class which seems to be an obstruction (the Mackenzie obstruction) to the existence of transitive Lie algebroids on a given manifold. In the last section of the paper, they calculate the obstruction in three simple cases; the Lie algebra is without a center, the Lie algebra is commutative, and for a simply connected manifold. In all these cases the obstruction vanishes.  Let \\(\\mathbf g\\) be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra, let \\(\\Aut({\\mathbf g})^{\\delta}\\) be the automorphism group of the Lie algebra \\(\\mathbf g\\), with a topology such that, on the quotient group \\(\\mathrm{Out} (g) = \\Aut(g)/\\mathrm{Inn} (g)\\), the topology is discrete. Consider a locally trivial bundle \\(L\\) with typical fiber \\(\\mathbf g\\) and the structural group \\(\\Aut({\\mathbf g})^{\\delta}\\) over the manifold \\(M\\). In such a bundle there is a connection \\(\\nabla\\) which defines a homomorphism of bundles   \\[ TM \\rightarrow D_{\\mathrm{der}} (L)  \\]  where \\(D_{\\mathrm{der}} (L)\\) is the Lie algebroid of all covariant differentiations that satisfy the Newton-Leibniz relations with respect to fiberwise commutator operations (the so-called bracket \\mathrm{der}ivations).  The connection \\(\\nabla\\) in the bundle \\(L \\) generates, by composition with the quotient mapping, the connection  \\[ \\Xi : TM \\rightarrow D_{\\mathrm{out}}(L) \\]  in the quotient Lie algebroid \\(D_{\\mathrm{out}}(L)\\).  The curvature \\(R^{\\nabla} : \\Lambda ^2 TM \\rightarrow\\mathrm{Der}(L) \\) can be written as \\(\\mathrm{ad} \\Omega\\) for some some 2-differential form on \\(M\\) with values in \\(L\\). The differential \\(d^{\\nabla}\\Omega\\) takes values in a (sub)bundle \\(ZL\\). It is a closed 3-differential form in \\(\\Omega^3(M,ZL; \\nabla^Z)\\) and defines a 3-cohomology class which is called the Mackenzie obstruction.  This cohomology class depends only on \\(\\Xi\\). The obstruction is trivial if and only if the form \\(\\Omega\\) generates the structure of a transitive Lie algebroid for the given \\(\\Xi\\).  \\{ Editorial remark: In the original the first author is wrongly stated as L. X. 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