{"entities":{"Q2345929":{"pageid":2356672,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2345929","lastrevid":57862695,"modified":"2026-04-02T20:41:43Z","type":"item","id":"Q2345929","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Relative expanders"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6438340"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2345929$59969F0C-A262-410F-9BBD-715EAEC2ACA3","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"8ab5cccde6f6c1202be3cfa978b25088e8580ca7","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Relative expanders","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2345929$2D65C3CA-E63E-4D55-96AB-3AE3B1F33E8D","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"0296d758cbe84c9a5d9e22f6ba6117571f76dbc9","datavalue":{"value":"1325.46022","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2345929$5D0B4A36-9431-4C4D-8120-F8D4F1843C63","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"630f93b7c5ca07af48d6a1e6cc347315c600226a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":260100,"id":"Q260100"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2345929$E6A2104C-4C7A-4691-913E-FC3463AF7E88","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"9a21fb4f407c952b6bbe6ee4a38b742e2119c828","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":960064,"id":"Q960064"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2345929$E39130A8-9A50-41FC-BAE1-D3FF29B21278","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"9f7ed99dde37a1ed2b712f0eb37bcc96b8743b93","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":172246,"id":"Q172246"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2345929$A3B527E2-7557-49B9-B36A-F4126A425F6A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"8416f0a2f7da47985170ec49617e74ae047b18b5","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2015-05-21T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2345929$C96BC374-1202-492C-BEE1-F9ED0780DEAC","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"a44437bee5bc3a0bd3949d7df2cbeab2e427b6ef","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.1481","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2345929$66313CF7-48CF-471E-9A59-DCDC1CB014AC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"ff0e5fed418246823f84cb42ad688fd4335c911a","datavalue":{"value":"The main result of this paper is a construction of a sequence of graphs with uniformly bounded (actually constant) degrees which on the one hand are not uniformly coarsely embeddable into a Hilbert space, and on the other hand do not contain any family of expanders weakly. Recall that a sequence \\(\\{X_n\\}_{n=1}^\\infty\\) of graphs with uniformly bounded degrees is said to contain a family \\(\\{Y_n\\}_{n=1}^\\infty\\) of expanders weakly if there are maps \\(f_n:Y_n\\to X_n\\) (with some abuse of notation we use \\(X_n,Y_n\\) to denote the vertex sets of \\(X_n,Y_n\\)) satisfying the following conditions: (1) the Lipschitz constants of \\(\\{f_n\\}\\) are uniformly bounded; (2) \\(\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}\\max_{y\\in Y_n}|f_n^{-1}(f_n(y))|/|Y_n|=0\\). By uniformly coarse embeddability of a sequence we mean a sequence of embeddings satisfying the standard inequalities where the lower and upper control functions are the same for the whole sequence. The problem about the existence of such a sequence of graphs arises naturally in connection with results of \\textit{G. Kasparov} and \\textit{G.-L. Yu} [Adv. Math. 206, No. 1, 1--56 (2006; Zbl 1102.19003)]. It seems that the first paper where this problem was explicitly mentioned is [the reviewer, Topol. Proc. 33, 163--183 (2009; Zbl 1179.54042)]; see also Chapter~7 and Section 11.2 in [the reviewer, Metric embeddings. Bilipschitz and coarse embeddings into Banach spaces. Berlin: de Gruyter (2013; Zbl 1279.46001)] for related discussions. The construction of the paper is very interesting and we enclose a brief outline of it. The construction is based on Kazhdan's property (T) for pairs, also known as relative property (T); this is the reason why the authors call the constructed graphs relative expanders. The authors start by recalling the fact that the pair \\((\\mathrm{SL}(2,\\mathbb{Z})\\ltimes\\mathbb{Z}^2, \\mathbb{Z}^2)\\) has property (T). This result goes back to \\textit{D. A. Kazhdan} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 1, 63--65 (1967); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 1, No. 1, 71--74 (1967; Zbl 0168.27602)] and \\textit{G. A. Margulis} [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 2, 383--396 (1982; Zbl 0532.28012)]. Then they apply results of \\textit{M. Burger} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 413, 36--67 (1991; Zbl 0704.22009)] to get that property (T) still holds if we replace the first element of the pair twice. The first time we replace it by its subgroup \\(Q\\ltimes\\mathbb{Z}^2\\), where \\(Q\\) consists of matrices whose reduction modulo \\(2\\) is the identity (this replacement is needed in some of the further group-theoretic constructions). The second time we replace \\(Q\\ltimes\\mathbb{Z}^2\\) by \\(\\mathbb{F}_3\\ltimes\\mathbb{Z}^2\\); here we use the fact that the group \\(Q\\) is generated by \\(3\\) elements and thus there is a natural quotient of \\(\\mathbb{F}_3\\) (the free group with three generators) onto \\(Q\\). Writing \\(\\mathbb{F}_3\\ltimes\\mathbb{Z}^2\\) we mean the action of \\(\\mathbb{F}_3\\) on \\(\\mathbb{Z}^2\\) determined by this quotient and the standard action of \\(Q\\) on \\(\\mathbb{Z}^2\\). A relative version of the result of \\textit{P. Delorme} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 105, 281--336 (1977; Zbl 0404.22006)] implies that the pair \\((\\mathbb{F}_3\\ltimes\\mathbb{Z}^2, \\mathbb{Z}^2)\\) has the relative property (FH), defined as follows: Let \\(H\\) be a closed subgroup of a topological group \\(G\\). The pair \\((G,H)\\) has relative property (FH) if every affine isometric action of \\(G\\) on a real Hilbert space has an \\(H\\)-fixed point. After that, the authors make the following important observation: Let \\(G\\) be a finitely generated group, \\(S\\) be a finite generating set in \\(G\\), and suppose that \\((G,Y)\\) has relative property (FH). Then there exists \\(C>0\\) such that for every finite quotient \\(Q\\) of \\(G\\), every function \\(f\\) from \\(Q\\) to a Hilbert space satisfies the following ``relative Poincar\u00e9'' inequality: For every \\(y\\in Y\\), \\[ \\sum_{g\\in Q}||f(g\\bar y)-f(g)||^2\\leq C\\sum_{g\\in Q,~s\\in S}||f(g\\bar s)-f(g)||^2, \\] where \\(\\bar y\\) and \\(\\bar s\\) denote the natural images of \\(y\\) and \\(s\\) in \\(Q\\). It is easy to see that this ``relative Poincar\u00e9'' inequality implies lack of uniformly coarse embeddability into a Hilbert space of any sequence of finite quotients \\(\\{Q_n\\}\\) of \\(G\\), endowed with the metrics corresponding to the natural images of \\(S\\) in \\(Q_n\\), for which images of \\(Y\\) do not have uniformly bounded diameters. To get such a sequence \\(\\{Q_n\\}\\), which additionally does not contain a sequence of expanders weakly, the authors prove the following: (1) Semidirect products of sequences of finite groups which are uniformly coarsely embeddable into a Hilbert space cannot contain expanders weakly (one has to be more specific about the metric in this statement, see Proposition 2 in the paper). (2) Some of the finite quotients \\(\\{Q_n\\}\\) of the group \\(\\mathbb{F}_3\\ltimes\\mathbb{Z}^2\\) described above can be presented as semidirect products of groups which are uniformly coarsely embeddable into a Hilbert space. This is done using a very interesting and important free-group-related construction of \\textit{G. Arzhantseva} et al. [Geom. Funct. Anal. 22, No. 1, 22--36 (2012; Zbl 1275.46013)]. The authors also give a different construction (based on generalized wreath products) as well as study coarse embeddability of the obtained spaces into \\(L_p\\), \\(2