{"entities":{"Q2348756":{"pageid":2359499,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2348756","lastrevid":72568275,"modified":"2026-04-14T05:47:23Z","type":"item","id":"Q2348756","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Voting power apportionments"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6445985"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$05D64A0B-CA98-44CF-B3B9-BF726398A563","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"76510f6662b6352d33dc737565445952f1c59e88","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Voting power apportionments","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$F8AE536D-733D-4633-86D5-895565E53068","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"74db0f81ec1aec4fda159db21e4212c5ec14fd83","datavalue":{"value":"1341.91056","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$75DC112C-0EE1-4ACE-9B2D-1C7492175BE7","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"b1b9977e2abb14b1d1eeb08e625d3774d00c704b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":81658,"id":"Q81658"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$2CEF0B5D-3419-4ED4-86E1-E02FC437956F","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"899d7f049398d7ca1f7748c47a15922c4d86ab34","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2015-06-15T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$A5C7EB34-7BFD-4AC7-B398-E403DAFF8BDB","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"2c8d535f6b3e051296ef6faa999dca18a0f85e78","datavalue":{"value":"In this paper, the author presents some of the mathematical background for an apportionment method aimed at equalizing voter influence on their choice of representative. This method is based around the Banzhaf measure, a particular measure of the amount of representation afforded to a state in an apportionment, based on the classical Banzhaf power index. The paper suggests three measures of optimality for an apportionment method: pairwise optimality, the condition that transferring a representative from one state to another can only increase the discrepancy in power; minimizing global power deviation, finding the apportionment that minimizes the mean square deviation from the ``average'' apportionment; and a minimax condition that minimizes the largest discrepancy in power between two states. The paper offers a particular method (surprisingly, a classical divisor method) that achieves the first two optimality conditions for the Banzhaf measure, although not the third. The author does, however, discuss an algorithm for finding apportionments that achieve the third.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$34FCCC0B-2D52-4EAB-8FC5-89EC3B751675","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c965de5e9a4b8d63068ca456eb6ad48746668aea","datavalue":{"value":"91B12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$9D87E068-6D36-4E73-8D8D-3D5D4ACD43A7","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"b376795a34bc265d5d70c08e198e753fb036318b","datavalue":{"value":"6445985","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$C669699F-A6D8-4C9B-AAD3-40B43439874E","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bc04c8d79c246e0691207f6a3228e13761a7ce61","datavalue":{"value":"apportionment","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$CB604B88-6998-470B-BBAE-DE81B9C864EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f077b22468696916d4eb224cdea7eb7e0980181e","datavalue":{"value":"Banzhaf power index","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$0A8E7D23-E36B-4FA7-A7BC-1D52FB22DF92","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"39895e2a2a9639d1da335a25c82a0f8a6ea00429","datavalue":{"value":"voter power","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$8CEF4738-14D2-4590-8CA1-27C2CFAE02EA","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"45832c0bbaa5349f8f9cd0930d7963ddf7abaccf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":795052,"id":"Q795052"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$B5E75F2F-D8DF-4C7D-BEF9-F1976CA42908","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$B9BEAE32-A23F-41EB-AC63-7CC91BFD5BF7","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"e74c86081e4f8f1d5900791ae4b3514ce3f8f01c","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-015-0869-4","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$C3E892FD-453D-434D-A77B-989A9CEA06F5","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"6912e29d370c21b8945bdb3ddb601ad07a10ee78","datavalue":{"value":"W1992154976","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$9E2C7739-6040-4F64-B062-974D0E16B1FE","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ee178775dcd53bdac866431596591ab979ce3deb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4488500,"id":"Q4488500"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$3FDC32D5-91F9-4EAF-9321-55194D3E6633","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ff208c8fd011b3a5a45c712b08e63fb79e0b739e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2567957,"id":"Q2567957"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$7166DB24-3C66-465E-A50C-57CBDF418A17","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"509aa27d04dc847b7f174268b8f7fb2bd1c3dba6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2871623,"id":"Q2871623"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$F259CC98-0598-4698-8324-E7B58F491406","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"d95a2a1e0c59a47db68bef34b89356752d2ce0be","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00355-015-0869-4","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2348756$8A843A70-FCDD-4C98-ABCB-405CA6201AE6","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9050cb98b7adb31c2885f5bcb57c98022507db02","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3476639,"id":"Q3476639"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b7567ddae9e544010691dd3f864d80ff4a78466d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.94750404","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2348756$026E670B-0B28-4A5A-B3A4-A2394C6593A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8ef682d39696e2c1e3f85a946f8985d23204934c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":480840,"id":"Q480840"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ce9fb20b8f23f80632017e7ab866298229f4edfa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9200374","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2348756$23FAAAA3-99D7-4463-992A-0E1894BC9775","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0a301e8bd15975d2f88e557cd9ea8a8b1ca6fbca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4644756,"id":"Q4644756"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"eaeb1a27118361eaea91345d87d83cc3f9c94902","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.87540865","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2348756$4C988115-4FDE-40FF-A746-4EAF9AC5495A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"468932c5a0468b5717920b2fb6c447274ec991ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3694941,"id":"Q3694941"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9127a017e27affff1e33290da95bdf84eb72827b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86360407","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2348756$49C94B15-758D-4924-927E-D16013DCBAFF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"62cf43d8eb607fffb27b3c87c5ac3037dd7add40","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1207831,"id":"Q1207831"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"66afb5fde39bbfff4c4510ef3cc44680f72208f6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86202425","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2348756$C276D092-31BE-4170-A060-F9C923859622","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5845ff7e219cde0d0a7802decba64057ce51b2fb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1057161,"id":"Q1057161"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ea1dcfc32ee4697378d6ac236cc594dd3504abf6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8601324","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2348756$4CF2BC00-C92F-4E8A-A71B-BDE2408683AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fd891356ec5bdff1b525ca9d900412e2b2dc756a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":812371,"id":"Q812371"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"70348cf602106cd7911f8d90658572d4a6e029b0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85535175","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2348756$7DD4F587-C6D4-445F-A244-A4C68EE39C1C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"88ccecabe5ec7a1dfc4ec756949eb17777166799","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1072910,"id":"Q1072910"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"512e4ad5a863242fcd3e852c8ad5acd66e2f71a2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8529411","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2348756$4B20A7BC-0F85-4175-A461-7CFE7DC065F2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c5a5d7ebec96f116013d9fbee9ad0223d912f3dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1762853,"id":"Q1762853"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f8affdc9ac54aec57ee12a83f18426d582a8498f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.84880716","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2348756$1EA967F1-96F6-49EF-8C32-C25BEC8F6E49","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Voting power apportionments","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Voting_power_apportionments"}}}}}