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The author first reviews several orthogonality relations in a real normed space, namely, the Birkhoff-James orthogonality (\\(x\\perp_B y \\,\\,\\Leftrightarrow \\forall \\lambda \\in \\mathbb{R}, \\,\\,\\|x\\|\\leq \\|x+\\lambda y\\|\\)), an approximate Birkhoff orthogonality due to Chmieli\u0144ski (\\(x\\perp_B^{\\epsilon} y \\,\\,\\Leftrightarrow \\forall \\lambda \\in \\mathbb{R}, \\,\\,\\|x\\|^2\\leq \\|x+\\lambda y\\|^2+2\\epsilon \\|x\\|\\cdot \\|\\lambda y\\|\\)), semi-orthogonality relative to a fixed semi-inner product \\([\\cdot \\, |\\cdot ]\\) (\\(x\\perp_s y \\,\\,\\Leftrightarrow [y|x]=0\\)) and the \\(\\epsilon\\)-s-orthogonality (\\(x\\perp_s^{\\epsilon} y \\,\\,\\Leftrightarrow \\forall \\,\\, |[y|x]|\\leq \\epsilon \\|x\\|\\cdot \\|y\\|\\)). Given a real normed space \\(X\\), the norm derivatives are mappings \\(\\rho_{\\pm}: X\\times X\\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}\\) defined as follows:  \\[  \\rho'_{\\pm} (x,y) =\\lim_{t\\rightarrow 0^{\\pm}} \\frac{\\|x+ty\\|^2 -\\|x\\|^2}{2t}. \\]  For a fixed semi-inner product \\([\\cdot \\, |\\cdot ]\\), we have that \\(\\rho'_{-} (x,y)\\leq [y \\, |x ]\\leq \\rho'_{+} (x,y)\\) for all \\(x,y\\in X\\). Then the author introduces the \\(\\epsilon\\)-\\(\\rho_{\\pm}\\) and \\(\\epsilon\\)-\\(\\rho\\)-orthogonality:  \\[  x\\perp_{\\rho_{+}}^{\\epsilon} y \\,\\,\\Leftrightarrow |\\rho'_{+} (x,y)|\\leq \\epsilon \\|x\\|\\cdot \\|y\\|, \\]   \\[  x\\perp_{\\rho_{-}}^{\\epsilon} y \\,\\,\\Leftrightarrow |\\rho'_{-} (x,y)|\\leq \\epsilon \\|x\\|\\cdot \\|y\\|, \\]   \\[  x\\perp_{\\rho}^{\\epsilon} y \\,\\,\\Leftrightarrow |\\rho' (x,y)|\\leq \\epsilon \\|x\\|\\cdot \\|y\\|. \\]  It is known that \\(X\\) is smooth if and only if \\(\\rho'_{+}(x,y)=\\rho'_{-}(x,y)=[\\cdot \\, |\\cdot ]\\) for all \\(x,y \\in X\\). The main result in the paper reads as follows:  {Theorem. } Let \\(X\\) be a real normed space and let \\([\\cdot \\, |\\cdot ]\\) be a semi-inner product in \\(X\\). Then the following conditions are equivalent.  {(i)} \\(\\perp^{\\epsilon}_{\\rho_{+}} \\subset \\perp^{\\epsilon}_{s}\\); {(ii)} \\(\\perp^{\\epsilon}_{\\rho_{+}} \\supset \\perp^{\\epsilon}_{s}\\); {(iii)} \\(\\perp^{\\epsilon}_{\\rho_{+}} = \\perp^{\\epsilon}_{s}\\); {(iv)} \\(\\perp^{\\epsilon}_{\\rho_{-}} \\subset \\perp^{\\epsilon}_{s}\\); {(v)} \\(\\perp^{\\epsilon}_{\\rho_{-}} \\supset \\perp^{\\epsilon}_{s}\\); {(vi)} \\(\\perp^{\\epsilon}_{\\rho_{-}} =\\perp^{\\epsilon}_{s}\\); and (vii) \\(X\\) is 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